OPOREZIVANJE ZA RODNU RAVNOPRAVNOST: PREDLOG MERA ZA REPUBLIKU SRBIJU NA PUTU EVROPSKIH INTEGRACIJA

  • Iva Ivanov Pravni fakultet Univerziteta Union
Ključne reči: rodna ravnopravnost, porez, žene, ekonomsko osnaživanje, jednak položaj

Sažetak


Rodna ravnopravnost u Republici Srbiji još uvek nije dostignuta. Nezaposlenost žena od preko 11% i neaktivnost od preko 50% predstavljaju zabrinjavajuće podatke za Republiku Srbiju i njen održivi razvoj. Problem položaja žena je prepoznat, međutim, adekvatne mere koje bi ga rešile još nisu donete.U ovom radu je data analiza potrebe za ekonomskim osnaživanjem žena u Republici Srbiji, kao i adekvatnosti poreskih mera za dostizanje takvog cilja, na osnovu čega se predlaže šest poreskih mera. Mere imaju za cilj ekonomsko osnaženje žena, pre svega kroz njihovo zaposlenje i ohrabrenje za ostvarivanje imovinskih prava, a za sobom povlače i brojne druge pozitivne efekte na položaj žena. Predložene mere su poreske olakšice koje imaju za cilj da podstaknu fleksibilne oblike rada (rad na nepuno radno vreme i rad „od kuće“) i mogućnost čuvanja dece zaposlenih. Takođe, u radu se predlaže i povećanje poreskog tereta za poklonjanje muškom članu porodice udela na poljoprivrednom zemljištu od strane ženskog člana porodice. . .   

Reference

Alstott, A. L.,1996, Tax Policy and Feminism: Competing Goals and Institutional Choices, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 96, No. 8, pp. 2001-2082.

Altiparmakov, N., 2013, Da li su fiskalni nameti na zarade u Srbiji regresivni? FS Istraživački papir, 13/03, Beograd, Fiskalni savet Republike Srbije.

Arandarenko, M., Krstić, G., Žarković Rakić, J., 2017, Dohodna nejednakost u Srbiji: Od podataka do politike, Beograd, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.

Barnett, K., Grown, C., 2004, Gender Impacts of Government Revenue Collection: The Case of Taxation, Commonwealth Economic Paper Series, London, Economic Affairs Division of the Commonwealth Secretariat.

Bradaš, S., 2017, Statistika i dostojanstven rad: Kritička analiza političkog tumačenja statistike rada, Beograd, Fondacija Centar za demokratiju.

Bradaš, S., 2018, Prekarna zaposlenost na tržištu rada Srbije, Beograd, Fondacija Centar za demokratiju.

Bradaš, S., 2018, Žene na selu: od nevidljivosti do razvojnog potencijala, Beograd, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.

Bradaš, S., Reljanović, M., 2019, Indikatori dostojanstvenog rada u Srbiji: Analiza normativnog okvira i prakse, Beograd, Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung.

Cagatay, N., 2003, Gender Budgets and Beyond: Feminist Fiscal Policy in the Context of Globalisation, Gender and Development, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 15-24.

Chung, H., Horst, M. van der, 2018, Women’s Employment Patterns After Childbirth and the Perceived Access to and Use of Flexitime and Teleworking, Human Relations, Vol. 71, No. 1, pp. 47-72.

OECD, 2015, In It Together: Why Less Inequality Benefits All, Paris, OECD Publishing.

Elson, D., 2006, Budgeting for Women’s Rights: Monitoring Government Budgets for Compliance with CEDAW, United Nations Development Fund for Women.

EU Parliament, DG for Internal Policies, 2017, Gender Equality and Taxation in the European Union, Study for the FEMM Committee.

European Commission, Commission staff working document, Serbia 2019 Report, Brussels, 29.5.2019 SWD(2019) 219 final.

Hodgson, H., Sadiq, K., Gender Equality and a Rights-Based Approach to Tax Reform, in: Stewart, M., (ed.), 2017, Tax, Social Policy and Gender: Rethihnking Equality and Efficiency, ANU Press, pp. 99-129.

Ignjatović, T. et al., 2019, Tamni oblaci nad Srbijom: Izveštaj u senci za Četvrti periodični izveštaj Republike Srbije, tokom 72. sesije Komiteta CEDAW, Autonomni ženski centar, Beograd.

Ivanov, I., 2019, Tax Incentives for Keeping and Attracting Highly Skilled Workers: The Case of Serbia, Annals FLB – Belgrade Law Review, Year LXVII, No. 4, pp. 173-199.

Kostić, S. V., Administrativni okvir kao ključna prepreka usklađivanju srpskog poreskog prava sa pravom Evropske unije, u: Radović, V., (ur.), 2016, Usklađivanje poslovnog prava Srbije sa pravom Evropske unije, str. 400–415, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd.

Kostić, S. V., 2019, In Search of the Digital Nomad – Rethinking the Taxation of Employment Income Under Tax Treaties, World Tax Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 189-225.

Lahey, K., 2018, Gender, Taxation and Equality in Developing Countries: Issues and Policy Recommendations, UN Women.

McGinn, K., Ruiz Castro, M., Lingo, E., 2018, Learning from Mum: Cross-National Evidence Linking Maternal Employment and Adult Children’s Outcomes, Work, Employment and Society, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 374-400.

OECD, 2005, Babies and Bosses: Reconciling Work and Family Life, New Zealand, Portugal and Switzerland, Vol. 3, Paris, OECD Publishing.

OECD, 2017, The Gender Equality: An Uphill Battle, Paris, OECD Publishing.

Pantović, J., Bradaš, S., Petovar, K., 2017, Položaj žena na tržištu rada, Beograd, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.

Perugini, C., Žarković Rakić, J., Vladisavljević, M., 2019, Austerity and Gender Inequalities in Europe in Times of Crisis, Cambridge Journal of Economics, No. 43, pp. 733–768.

Petrović, P., Brčerević, D., Gligorić, M., 2019, Zašto privredni rast Srbije zaostaje, FS radni dokument, 19/01, Beograd, Fiskalni savet Republike Srbije.

Piketty, T., Saez, E., Stantcheva, S., 2011, Optimal Taxation of Top Labor Incomes: A Tale of Three Elasticities, CEPR Discussion Papers, No. 8675.

Popović, D., 2014, Poresko pravo, 11. izdanje, Beograd, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.

Pradeep, P., Agarwal, B., 2005, Marital Violence, Human Development and Women’s Property Status in India, World Development, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 823-850.

Putten, A. van, Dykstra, P., Schippers, J., 2008, Just like Mom? The Intergenerational Reproduction of Women’s Paid Work, European Sociological Review, Vol. 24, No.4, pp. 435–449.

Ranđelović, S. et al., 2019, Labour Supply and Inequality Effects of In-Work Benefits: Evidence from Serbia, Naše gospodarstvo/Our Economy, Vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 1-22.

Republički zavod za statistiku, 2020, Bilten: Anketa o radnoj snazi u Republici Srbiji, 2019, Beograd.

Stotsky, J. G., 1996, Gender Bias in Tax Systems, IMF Working Paper, No. 96/99.

UN Women and OHCHR, 2013, Realizing Women’s Rights to Land and Other Productive Resources, United Nations, HR/PUB/13/04.

UN Women, 2015, Progress of the World’s Women 2015-2016: Transforming Economies, Realizing Rights.

UNGA Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, UN dok. A/RES/70/1 (21 October 2015).

UNICEF, 2012, Investing in Early Childhood Education in Serbia: Costing Models for Ensuring Preschool Education for all, Belgrade, UNICEF Working Papers.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Serbia Office, 2018, Human Development Paper on Income Inequality in the Republic of Serbia: Reduced Inequality as Part of the SDG Agenda, Belgrade.

Žarković-Rakić, J., Ranđelović, S., Vladisavljević, M., 2016, Labour Market Effects of Social Security Contributions Reform in Serbia, Economic Annals, Vol. LXI, No. 208, pp. 73-91.

PROPISI

Communication from the Commission, Europe 2020: A Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, COM(2010) 2020 of 3.3.2010.

Vlada Republike Srbije, 2016, Nacionalna strategija za rodnu ravnopravnost za period od 2016. do 2020. godine sa Akcionim planom za period od 2016. do 2018. godine.

Vlada Republike Srbije, 2018, Nacionalni program ruralnog razvoja od 2018. do 2020. godine.

Zakon o doprinosima za obavezno socijalno osiguranje, Sl. glasnik RS, br. 84/04, 61/05, 62/06, 5/09, 52/11, 101/11, 7/12 – usklađeni din. izn., 8/13 – usklađeni din. izn., 47/13, 108/13, 6/14 – usklađeni din. izn., 57/14, 68/14 – dr. zakon, 5/15 – usklađeni din. izn., 112/15, 5/16 – usklađeni din. izn., 7/17 – usklađeni din. izn., 113/17, 7/18 – usklađeni din. izn., 95/18, 4/19 – usklađeni din. izn., 86/19 i 5/20 – usklađeni din. izn.

Zakon o nasleđivanju, Sl. glasnik RS, br. 46/95, 101/03 – odluka USRS i 6/15.

Zakon o porezima na imovinu, Sl. glasnik RS br. 26/01, Sl. list SRJ, br. 42/02 – odluka SUS i Sl. glasnik RS, br. 80/02, 80/02 – dr. zakon, 135/04, 61/07, 5/09, 101/10, 24/11, 78/11, 57/12 – odluka US, 47/13, 68/14 – dr. zakon, 95/18, 99/18 – odluka US i 86/19.

Zakon o porezu na dobit pravnih lica, Sl. glasnik RS, br. 25/01, 80/02, 80/02 – dr. zakon, 43/03, 84/04, 18/10, 101/11, 119/12, 47/13, 108/13, 68/14 – dr. zakon, 142/14, 91/15 – autentično tumačenje, 112/15, 113/17, 95/18 i 86/19.

Zakon o porezu na dohodak građana Sl. glasnik RS, br. 24/01, 80/02, 80/02 – dr. zakon, 135/04, 62/06, 65/06 – ispr., 31/09, 44/09, 18/10, 50/11, 91/11 – odluka US, 7/12 – usklađeni din. izn., 93/12, 114/12 – odluka US, 8/13 – usklađeni din. izn., 47/13, 48/13 – ispr., 108/13, 6/14 – usklađeni din. izn., 57/14, 68/14 – dr. zakon, 5/15 – usklađeni din. izn., 112/15, 5/16 – usklađeni din. izn., 7/17 – usklađeni din. izn., 113/17, 7/18 – usklađeni din. izn., 95/18, 4/19 – usklađeni din. izn., 86/19 i 5/20 – usklađeni din. izn.

Zakon o radu, Sl. glasnik RS, br. 24/05, 61/05, 54/09, 32/13, 75/14, 13/17 – odluka US, 113/17 i 95/18 – autentično tumačenje.

IZVORI SA INTERNETA

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tesem100&plugin=1, 4.4.2020.

http://statisticstimes.com/economy/countries-by-gdp-capita-ppp.php, 4.4.2020.

https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=64196, 28.3.2020.

Izveštaj sa Konferencije o rodno odgovornom budžetiranju, 20. jun 2019. godine, organizovane od strane Vlade Republike Srbije i Ministarstva finansija, (http://socijalnoukljucivanje.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Konferencija_o_rodno_odgovornom_budzetiranju_Izvestaj.pdf, 4.4.2020).

OECD Observer, Does Part-time Work Pay?

(https://oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/3311/Does_part-time_work_pay_.html, 30.3.2020).

OECD, 2005, Employment Outlook, OECD Publishing, Paris, (https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/employment/oecd-employment-outlook-2005_empl_outlook-2005-en, 4.4.2020).

OECD, 2019, Part-time and Partly Equal: Gender and Work in the Netherlands, Paris, OECD Publishing, (https://www.oecd.org/social/part-time-and-partly-equal-gender-and-work-in-the-netherlands-204235cf-en.htm, 28.3.2020).

OECD, Better Life Index,

(http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/netherlands/, http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/switzerland/ 28.3.2020).

OECD, 1990, Employment Outlook 1990, OECD Publishing, Paris, (http://www.oecd.org/els/emp/4343133.pdf, 4.4.2020).

Poverenik za zaštitu ravnopravnosti, Redovni godišnji izveštaj za 2019. godinu, (http://ravnopravnost.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/FINAL-RGI-2019-ZA-NARODNU-SKUPSTINU.pdf, 4.4.2020).

Redovni godišnji izveštaj Poverenika za ravnopravnost za 2017, 2018, 2019. godinu (http://ravnopravnost.gov.rs/izvestaji/, 8.4.2020).

Republički zavod za statistiku, 2018, Procene stanovništva (https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2019/Pdf/G20191180.pdf, 28.3.2020).

Republički zavod za statistiku, 2016, Anketa o obrazovanju odraslih, (https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2018/Pdf/G20181131.pdf, 4.4.2020).

UNDP, Human Development Reports, (http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII, 28.3.2020).

UNDP Serbia Office, 2018, Human Development Paper on Income Inequality in the Republic of Serbia: Reduced Equality as Part of the SDG agenda, (https://www.undp.org/content/dam/serbia/Publications%20and%20reports/English/HumanDevelopment/undp_rs_HumanDevelopmentPaper_IncomeInequalitySRB_Aug2018.pdf, 03.04.2020).

Objavljeno
2020/07/18
Broj časopisa
Rubrika
Originalni naučni članak