Jurisdiction Over Grave Breaches of Human Rights in Iraq Committed by (PMSCs) Contracted with the USA: The Nisur Square Incident
Sažetak
Incident prilikom kojeg je ubijeno 17 iračkih civila, a više njih ranjeno na trgu Nisur u Bagdadu, kao posledica pucanja pripadnika kompanije Blekvoter, 16. septembra 2007. godine, predstavlja jedan od mnogih primera teških kršenja ljudskih prava civila u Iraku koja su izvršili pripadnici privatnih vojnobezbednosnih kompanija (PVBK) koje imaju zaključene ugovore sa SAD.
Ono zbog čega je ovaj slučaj složen jeste činjenica da ne postoje jasne odredbe međunarodnog privatnog prava kojima se reguliše odgovornost pripradnika ovih kompanija za kršenje ljudskih prava.
Prilikom analize pravnog položaja pripadnika PVBK u skladu sa Ženevskim konvencijama i pravilima međunarodnog humanitarnog prava, uočava se da ne postoji opšteprihvaćena definicija privatnih vojnobezbednosnih kompanija.
Njihov pravni položaj se može pomešati sa pravnim položajem boraca, lica koja prate vojne snage, milicije ili plaćenika.
Sa stanovišta međunarodnog prava, ne postoji nijedna konvencija u kojoj su PVBK neposredno regulisane i u kojima se precizno propisuju njihova prava i obaveze. Stoga postoji široko polje za različita tumačenja i objašnjenja njihovog pravnog položaja, kao i nadležnosti za kršenja ljudskih prava koja izvrše PVBK. Pritom se mora imati na umu činjenica da nadležnost na međunarodnom nivou, kako u slučaju Međunarodnog krivičnog suda, tako i kada se misli na univerzalnu nadležnost, nipošto nije jednostavno pitanje.
Mogućnost nadležnosti Međunarodnog krivičnog suda postoji u teoriji, ali se čini da bi je bilo teško postići u praksi.
Uprkos činjenici da statut suda omogućava državi koja nije potpisnica da prihvati nadležnost Suda, u konkretnom slučaju to će zavisiti od ispunjenosti uslova da se iscrpu lokalni pravni lekovi, u skladu sa dodatnim načelima o nadležnosti Međunarodnog krivičnog suda.
Ključne reči: ljudska prava, civili, nadležnost, incident na trgu Nisur.
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