SHVATITI ANALOGIJU OZBILJNO: ULOGA ZAKONSKE ANALOGIJE U STVARANJU I TUMAČENJU PRAVA
Sažetak
U članku se analizira analogija, kao način rasuđivanja, a naročito u pravu. Analogija uopšte se određuje kroz svoju argumentativnu formu i kroz kognitivno-psihološku sadržinu. Kada je reč o analogiji u pravu, tradicionalna podela na analogia legis i analogia iuris se potiskuje kao nepotpuna i nedovoljno rasvetljujuća za ono što se zaista događa u pravnoj praksi. Umesto nje, u tekstu se, kao početna, postulira podela analogija u pravu na kazuističku i zakonsku. I dok se u common law sistemima više primenjuje i proučava ova prva, u kontinentalnim sistemima je, zbog primata pisanih izvora prava, interesantnije razmotriti drugu. Zakonska analogija se razmatra, takođe, s aspekta njene forme i sadržine, a zatim se izlažu njene osnovne vrste, da bi se na kraju, kroz nekoliko primera iz domaće sudske prakse, ilustrovalo kako se zakonska analogija u našoj praksi primenjuje samo intuitivno, shodno tome i nedovoljno obrazloženo a, na kraju krajeva, i neispravno.
Reference
LITERATURA
Aarnio, A., 1986, The rational as reasonable, Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Company.
Aleksi, R., Makormik, N. 2018, Pravo, argumentacija, interpretacija, priredio M. Marković, Beograd, Akademska knjiga i Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju.
Alexander, L., Sherwin, E. 2008, Demystifying Legal Reasoning, New York, Cambridge University Press.
Alexy, R., Dreier, R., Statutory interpretation in the Federal Republic of Germany, u: MacCormick, N., Summers R. (eds.), 1991, Interpreting Statutes: A Comparative Study, Aldershot, Ashgate, Dartmouth.
Bankowski, Z., MacCormick, N., Statutory Interpretation in the United Kingdom, u: MacCormick, N., Summers R. (eds.), 1991, Interpreting Statutes: A Comparative Study, Aldershot, Ashgate, Dartmouth.
Banović, J., 2016, Teorijski i praktični aspekti krivičnopravnog regulisanja opojnih droga, Crimen, Vol. VII, br. 2.
Bermejo-Luque, L., 2014, The Uses of Analogies, u: Ribeiro, E.J. (ed.), 2014, Systematic Approaches to Argument by Analogy, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, Springer.
Bidlinski, F., 2011, Pravna metodologija, Podgorica, CID.
Brewer, S., 1996, Exemplary Reasoning: Semantics, Pragmatics and the Rational Force of Legal Argument by Analogy, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 109, No. 5.
Canale, D., Tuzet, G., Analogical Reasoning and Extensive Interpretation, u: Kaptein H., Velden, B. van der (eds.), 2018, Analogy and Exemplary Reasoning in Legal Discourse, Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press.
Damele, G., Analogia Legis and Analogia Iuris: An Overview from a Rhetorical Perspective, u: Ribeiro, E.J. (ed.), 2014, Systematic Approaches to Argument by Analogy, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, Springer.
Duarte d’Almeida, L., Michelon, C., 2017, The Structure of Arguments by Analogy in Law, Argumentation, Vol. 31.
Gentner, D., Markman, A.B., 1997, Structure Mapping in Analogy and Similarity, American Psychologist, Vol. 52, No. 1.
Gick, M.L., Holyoak, K.J., 1983, Schema Induction and Analogical Transfer, Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 15.
Golding, M., Argument by Analogy in the Law, u: Kaptein H., Velden, B. van der (eds.), 2018, Analogy and Exemplary Reasoning in Legal Discourse, Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press.
Govier, T., 2002, Should a Priori Analogies Be Regarded as Deductive Arguments?, Informal Logic, Vol. 22, No. 2.
Grice, P., 1991, Studies in the Way of Words, Cambridge, Mass., London, Harvard University Press.
Harasić, Ž., 2018, Analogija u pravu: značenje i upotreba, Pravni vijesnik, Vol. 34, br. 3–4.
Hart, H., 2013, Pojam prava, preveli D. Vranjanac i G. Dajović, Beograd, Službeni glasnik, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Hofstadter, D.R., Epilogue: Analogy as the Core of Cognition, u: Gentner, D., Holyoak, K.J., Kokinov, B.K. (eds.), 2001, The Analogical Mind, Perspectives from Cognitive Science, Cambridge Mass., A Bradford Book.
Holyoak, K.J., Thagard, P., 1996, Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought, Cambridge Mass, MIT Press.
Holyoak, K.J., Analogy, u: Holyoak, K.J., Morrison, R.G. (eds.), 2005, The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Holyoak, K.J., Analogy and Relational Reasoning, u: Holyoak, K.J., Morrison, R.G. (eds.), 2012, The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Koszowski, M., 2017, Analogical Reasoning in Statutory Law, Journal of Forensic Research, Vol. 8, No. 2.
Koszowski, M., 2017, Multiple Functions of Analogical Reasoning in Science and Everyday Life, Polish Sociological Review, Vol. 197, No. 1.
Ladeur, K-H., The Analogy Between Logic and Dialogic of Law, u: Nerhot, P. (ed.), 1991, Legal Knowledge and Analogy – Fragments of Legal Epistemology, Hermeneutics and Linguistics, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Lukić, R., 1958, Teorija države i prava, II knjiga, Beograd, Narodna knjiga.
Macagno, F., Walton, D., 2009, Argument from Analogy in Law, the Classical Tradition, and Recent Theories, Philosophy & Rhetoric, Vol. 42, No. 2.
MacCormick, N., Summers, R., Interpretation and Justification, u: MacCormick, N., Summers R. (eds.), 1991, Interpreting Statutes: A Comparative Study, Aldershot, Ashgate, Dartmouth.
MacCormick, N., 1994, Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Peczenik, A., 2008, On Law and Reason, Springer Science & Business Media.
Peczenik, A., Bergholz, G., Statutory Interpretation in Sweden, u: MacCormick, N., Summers R. (eds.), 1991, Interpreting Statutes: A Comparative study, Aldershot, Ashgate, Dartmouth.
Salthouse, T.A., Effects of Aging on Reasoning, u: Holyoak, K.J., Morrison, R.G. (eds), 2005, The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Schauer, F., Spellman, B.A., 2017, Analogy, Expertise, and Experience, University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 84, No. 1.
Shecaira, F.P., 2013, Analogical Arguments in Ethics and Law: A Defence of a Deductivist Analysis, Informal logic, Vol. 33, No 3.
Sherwin, E., 1999, A Defense of Analogical Reasoning in Law, The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 66.
Summers, R.S, Taruffo, M., Interpretation and Comparative Analysis, u: MacCormick, N., Summers, R. (eds.), 1991, Interpreting Statutes: A Comparative Study, Aldershot, Ashgate, Dartmouth.
Sunstein, C., 1996, Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict, Oxford, Oxford Universsity Press.
Tasić, Đ., 1984, Analogija, Izbor rasprava i članaka iz teorije prava, priredio Radomir Lukić, Beograd, SANU.
Thomson, J. J., 1971, A Defense of Abortion, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 1.
Vasić R., Jovanović, M., Dajović, G., 2016, Uvod u pravo, 3. izdanje, Beograd, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Vrban, D., 2003, Država i pravo, Zagreb, Golden marketing.
Waller, B., 2001, Classifying and Analyzing Analogies, Informal Logic, Vol. 21, No. 3.
Walton, D., Argumentation Schemes for Argument from Analogy, u: Ribeiro, E.J. (ed.), 2014, Systematic Approaches to Argument by Analogy, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, Springer.
Weinreb, L., 2005, Legal Reason: The Use of Analogy in Legal Argument, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
White, J., Analogical Reasoning, u: Patterson, D. (ed.), 2010, A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory, sec. edition, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Wroblewski, J., 1992, The Judicial Application of Law, Bankowski, Z., MacCormick, N. (eds.), Dordrecht, Springer, Science+Business Media, B.V.
Zaccaria, G., Analogy as Legal Reasoning – The Hermeneutic Foundation of the Analogical Procedure, u: Nerhot, P. (ed.), 1991, Legal Knowledge and Analogy – Fragments of Legal Epistemology, Hermeneutics and Linguistics, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
SUDSKA PRAKSA
Adams v. The New Jersey Steamboat Co. New York Court of Appeals, 45 N.E. 369 (1896).
Presuda Apelacionog suda u Beogradu, Kž. 1 br. 4145/13 od 30. 1. 2014.
Presuda Apelacionog suda u Kragujevcu Kž 192/18 od 14. 3. 2018.
Presuda Apelacionog suda u Beogradu, Kž. 1. Po. 2. 2/13 od 13. 11. 2013.
Presuda Prvog osnovnog suda u Beogradu K. br. 22971/10 od 11. 11. 2010.
Presuda Višeg suda u Čačku K 12/18 o 23. 3. 2018.
Presuda Vrhovnog kasacionog suda, Kzz. 133/10 od 9. 6. 2010
Presuda Vrhovnog kasacionog suda Kzz. 153/10 od 15. 9. 2010
Presuda Vrhovnog kasacionog suda Kzz. 191/10 od 22. 12. 2010.
Presuda Vrhovnog kasacionog suda Kzz RZ 1/2014 od 5. 12. 2014.
Presuda Vrhovnog suda Srbije, Veće za ratne zločine, Kž I PZ 3/06 od 26. 2. 2007.