OBLIGATIONS ERGA OMNES – JUS COGENS IN STATU NASCENDI? A THEORY INSPIRED BY THE NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
Sažetak
Rad predstavlja nastavak diskusije o knjizi Miodraga A. Jovanovića The Nature of International Law, sa akcentom na koncept erga omnes obaveza. U tekstu je najpre predstavljen pristup obavezama erga omnes prihvaćen od strane autora knjige, a nakon toga je ponuđen nešto drugačiji pogled na ovaj koncept. Erga omnes obaveze u međunarodnom pravu su karakteristične po tome što pripadaju malobrojnim temama o kojima se puno pisalo, a malo razjasnilo. Shodno tome, cilj rada nije da odgovori na svako sporno pitanje u vezi sa ovim konceptom, već da pokuša da ga dodatno rasvetli, pre svega kroz upoređivanje sa sličnim konceptima, a na prvom mestu jus cogens normama. Nakon prikaza i analize različitih relevantnih okolnosti i argumenata, utvrđeno je da se erga omnes obaveze mogu definisati kao jus cogens norme u nastajanju. U kontekstu pitanja ko je ovlašćen da odlučuje o tome da li bi konkretnu normu trebalo uvrstiti u jednu ili drugu kategoriju, u radu je zauzet stav da ta uloga trenutno pripada Međunarodnom sudu pravde, imajući u vidu aktuelne odnose i stanje unutar međunarodne zajednice. Naposletku, u radu je prihvaćena teza da se normativna hijerarhija međunarodnopravnog poretka sastoji od tri nivoa, pri čemu jus cogens norme zauzimaju najviše mesto, dok se ispod njih nalaze erga omnes obaveze, a potom sve ostale dispozitivne norme međunarodnog prava.
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