Doprinos dijadne empatije doživljaju kvaliteta partnerskog odnosa
Ključne reči:
dijadna empatija, kvalitet braka, kognitivna empatija, afektivna empatija
Sažetak
U cilju utvrđivanja doprinosa dijadne empatije doživljaju kvaliteta bračnog odnosa, prikupljeni su podaci na uzorku od 738 ispitanika različitog socioekonomskog statusa, starosti između 19 i 80 godina, koji žive zajedno između godinu dana i 52 godine (AS = 8.29, SD = 9.71). Za procenu dijadne empatije primenjen je Interpersonalni indeks reaktivnosti za parove (Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Couples, IRIC; Péloquin & Lafontaine, 2010), koji procenjuje kognitivnu i afektivnu dimenziju empatije, dok je za procenu doživljaja kvaliteta bračnog odnosa primenjena Skala prilagođenosti u bračnom odnosu (Dyadic Adjustment Scale, DAS-7; Spanier, 1976), koja procenjuje četiri dimenzije kvaliteta bračnog odnosa: Konsenzus, Zadovoljstvo brakom, Afektivno-seksualnu usaglašenost i Kohezivnost. Rezultati strukturalnog modelovanja ukazuju na pozitivan doprinos afektivne empatije slaganju bračnih partnera po pitanjima koja su od značaja za svakodnevno funkcionisanje, opštem zadovoljstvu brakom, kao i stepenu bliskosti i kvalitetu komunikacije među partnerima; i pozitivan doprinos kognitivne empatije slaganju bračnih partnera po pitanjima koja su od značaja za svakodnevno funkcionisanje, usaglašenosti bračnih partnera u ispoljavanju emocija i seksualnim odnosima, te bliskosti i kvalitetu komunikacije među partnerima.
Reference
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Busby, D. M., & Gardner, B. C. (2008). How do I analyze thee? Let me count the ways: Considering empathy in couple relationships using self and partner ratings. Family Process, 47(2), 229-242. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2008.00250.x
Chee, T.S. (1988). An analysis of four empathy variables as predictors of marital satisfaction. Western Michigan University: Masters Theses.
Cobb, R. J., Davila, J., & Bradbury, T. N. (2001). Attachment security and marital satisfaction: The role of positive perceptions and social support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), 1131-1143. doi: 10.1177/0146167201279006
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Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
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Barrett, P. (2007). Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 815-824. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.018
Batson, C. D., Fultz, J., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1987). Adults’ emotional reactions to the distress of others. In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (Eds.), Empathy and its development (pp. 163–184). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. London, England: The Hogarth Press.
Bryant, B. K. (1987). Mental health, temperament, family, and friends: Perspectives on children’s empathy and social perspective taking. In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (Eds.), Empathy and its development (pp. 245–270). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Busby, D. M., & Gardner, B. C. (2008). How do I analyze thee? Let me count the ways: Considering empathy in couple relationships using self and partner ratings. Family Process, 47(2), 229-242. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2008.00250.x
Chee, T.S. (1988). An analysis of four empathy variables as predictors of marital satisfaction. Western Michigan University: Masters Theses.
Cobb, R. J., Davila, J., & Bradbury, T. N. (2001). Attachment security and marital satisfaction: The role of positive perceptions and social support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), 1131-1143. doi: 10.1177/0146167201279006
Cohen, D., & Strayer, J. (1996). Empathy in conduct-disordered and comparison youth. Developmental Psychology, 32(6), 988-998. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.32.6.988
Cramer, D., & Jowett, S. (2010). Perceived empathy, accurate empathy and relationship satisfaction in heterosexual couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27(3), 327-349. doi: 10.1177/0265407509348384
Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113-126. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
Davis, M. H. (1994). Empathy: A social psychological approach. Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark Publishers.
Davis, M., & Oathout, H. A. (1987). Maintenance of satisfaction in romantic relationships: Empathy and relational competence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(2), 397-410. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.2.397
Devoldre, I., Davis, M. H., Verhofstadt, L. L., & Buysse, A. (2010). Empathy and social support provision in couples: Social support and the need to study the underlying processes. The Journal of Psychology, 144(3), 259-284. doi: 10.1080/00223981003648294
Duan, C., & Hill, C. E. (1996). The current state of empathy research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 261-274. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.43.3.261
Eisenberg, N., & Strayer, J. (1987). Critical issues in the study of empathy. In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (Eds.), Empathy and its development (pp. 3–13). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Fan, X., Thompson, B., & Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 56-83. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540119
Fincham, F. D., Paleari, F. G., & Regalia, C. (2002). Forgiveness in marriage: The role of relationship quality, attributions, and empathy. Personal Relationships, 9(1), 27-37. doi: 10.1111/1475-6811.00002
Finney, S. J., & DiStefano, C. (2006). Non-normal and categorical data in structural equation modeling. In G. Hanchock & R. Mueller (Eds.), Structural Equation Modeling: A second course (pp. 269−314). New York: Information Age Publishing, Inc.
Fowers, B. J., Lyons, E. M., & Montel, K. H. (1996). Positive marital illusions: Self-enhancement or relationship enhancement?. Journal of Family Psychology, 10(2), 192-208. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.10.2.192
Franzoi, S. L., Davis, M. H., & Young, R. D. (1985). The effects of private self-consciousness and perspective taking on satisfaction in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(6), 1584-1594. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.48.6.1584
Gaur, P., & Bhardwaj, A. B. (2015). Relationship between empathy, forgiveness and marital adjustment in couple. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(1), 145-151.
Hogan, R. (1969). Development of an empathy scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(3), 307-316. doi:10.1037/h0027580
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008, September). Evaluating model fit: a synthesis of the structural equation modelling literature. In 7th European Conference on research methodology for business and management studies (pp. 195-200).
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Hunter, K. R., & Bech, B. (2004). Affective empathy in children: Measurement and correlates. Griffith University.
Hutchinson, S. R., & Olmos, A. (1998). Behavior of descriptive fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis using ordered categorical data. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 5(4), 344-364. doi: 10.1080/10705519809540111
Ickes, W. (2001). Measuring empathic accuracy. Interpersonal sensitivity: Theory and measurement, 1, 219-241.
Impett, E. A., Muise, A., & Rosen, N. O. (2015). Is it good to be giving in the bedroom? A prosocial perspective on sexual health and well-being in romantic relationships. Current Sexual Health Reports, 7(3), 180-190. doi: 10.1007/s11930-015-0055-9
Kimmes, J. G., Edwards, A. B., Wetchler, J. L., & Bercik, J. (2014). Self and other ratings of dyadic empathy as predictors of relationship satisfaction. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 42(5), 426-437. doi: 10.1080/01926187.2014.925374
Kleinplatz, P. J., Ménard, A. D., Paradis, N., Campbell, M., & Dalgleish, T. L. (2013). Beyond sexual stereotypes: Revealing group similarities and differences in optimal sexuality. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 45, 250-258. doi: 10.1037/a0031776
Koenig Kellas, J., Willer, E. K., & Trees, A. R. (2013). Communicated perspective-taking during stories of marital Stress: Spouses' Perceptions of one another's perspective-taking behaviors. Southern Communication Journal, 78(4), 326-351. doi: 10.1080/1041794x.2013.815264
Kogan, A., Impett, E. A., Oveis, C., Hui, B., Gordon, A. M., & Keltner, D. (2010). When giving feels good: The intrinsic benefits of sacrifice in romantic relationships for the communally motivated. Psychological Science, 21, 1918-1924. doi: 10.1177/0956797610388815
Larson, J. H., Anderson, S. M., Holman, T. B., & Niemann, B. K. (1998). A longitudinal study of the effects of premarital communication, relationship stability, and self-esteem on sexual satisfaction in the first year of marriage. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 24(3), 193-206. doi: 10.1080/00926239808404933
Laurenceau, J. P., & Kleinman, B. M. (2006). Intimacy in personal relationships. In A. L. Vangelisti & D. Perlman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp. 637-653). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Levinger, G., & Breedlove, J. (1966). Interpersonal attraction and agreement: A study of marriage partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(4), 367-372. doi: 10.1037/h0023029
Long, E. C. J. (1990). Measuring dyadic perspective-taking: Two scales for assessing perspective-taking in marriage and similar dyads. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50, 91-103. doi:10.1177/0013164490501008
Long, E. C. J., Angera, J. J., Carter, S. J., Nakamoto, M., & Kalso, M. (1999). Understanding the one you love: A longitudinal assessment of an empathy training program for couples in romantic relationships. Family Relations, 48(3), 235-242. doi:10.2307/585632
MacNeil, S., & Byers, E. S. (2009). Role of sexual self-disclosure in the sexual satisfaction of long-term heterosexual couples. Journal of Sex Research, 46(1), 3-14. doi: 10.1080/00224490802398399
McNulty, J. K., & Widman, L. (2013). The implications of sexual narcissism for sexual and marital satisfaction. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(6), 1021-1032. doi: 10.1007/s10508-012-0041-5
McNulty, J. K., Wenner, C. A., & Fisher, T. D. (2015). Longitudinal associations among relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and frequency of sex in early marriage. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(1), 85-97. doi: 10.1007/s10508-014-0444-6
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment theory and emotions in close relationships: Exploring the attachment‐related dynamics of emotional reactions to relational events. Personal Relationships, 12(2), 149-168. doi: 10.1111/j.1350-4126.2005.00108.x
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Press.
Muise, A., Impett, E. A., & Desmarais, S. (2013). Getting it on versus getting it over with: Sexual motivation, desire, and satisfaction in intimate bonds. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(10), 1320-1332. doi: 10.1177/0146167213490963
Murray, S. L., Griffin, D. W., Derrick, J. L., Harris, B., Aloni, M., & Leder, S. (2011). Tempting fate or inviting happiness? Unrealistic idealization prevents the decline of marital satisfaction. Psychological Science, 22(5), 619-626. doi: 10.1177/0956797611403155
O’Brien, T. B., DeLongis, A., Pomaki, G., Puterman, E., & Zwicker, A. (2009). Couples coping with stress: The role of empathic responding. European Psychologist, 14(1), 18-28. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.14.1.18
Paleari, F. G., Regalia, C., & Fincham, F. (2005). Marital quality, forgiveness, empathy, and rumination: A longitudinal analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(3), 368-378. doi: 10.1177/0146167204271597
Pauls, R. N., Occhino, J. A., & Dryfhout, V. L. (2008). Effects of pregnancy on female sexual function and body image: A prospective study. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 5(8), 1915-1922. doi: 0.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00884.x
Péloquin, K., & Lafontaine, M.F. (2010). Measuring empathy in couples: Validity and reliability of the interpersonal reactivity index for couples. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(2), 146-157. doi:10.1080/00223890903510399
Rosen, N. O., Mooney, K., & Muise, A. (2017). Dyadic empathy predicts sexual and relationship well-being in couples transitioning to parenthood. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 43(6), 543-559. doi: 10.1080/0092623x.2016.1208698
Rowan, D. G., Compton, W. C., & Rust, J. O. (1995). Self-actualization and empathy as predictors of marital satisfaction. Psychological Reports, 77(3), 1011-1016. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.1011
Sanford, K. (2003). Problem–solving conversations in marriage: Does it matter what topics couples discuss?. Personal Relationships, 10(1), 97-112. doi: 10.1111/1475-6811.00038
Sillars, A. L. (1985). Interpersonal perception in relationships. In Compatible and incompatible relationships (pp. 277-305). New York, NY: Springer
Simić, I. (2013). Perception of family functioning, empathy and family income. Teme: Časopis za Društvene Nauke, 37(2), 719-734.
Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893-898. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017
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