Predictor models of satisfaction in an intimate relationship, affective attachment, capacity for mentalization and narcissism
Keywords:
attachment, mentalization, narcissism, relationship satisfaction.
Abstract
The aim of this research is to try to determine whether the introduction of mentalization and narcissism into the basic predictive model that contains the dimensions of affective attachment, anxiety and avoidance, improves the prediction of satisfaction in intimate partnerships. The survey involved 222 respondents aged 18 to 50 who are childless, in an intimate partnership or marriage, for a minimum of one and a maximum of ten years. Respondents completed questionnaires in electronic form, namely: SM-ECR-R for affective attachment assessment, UM, mentalization test questionnaire, NPI40 for narcissism level assessment and RAS scale for intimacy satisfaction assessment. The results show that the basic model is a significant predictor of satisfaction in an intimate partnership, with low anxiety and low avoidance predicting greater satisfaction. By introducing narcissism and the mentalization of others into the basic predictive model in particular, the predictive power of the model is improved, with the mentalization of others contributing more to the improvement of the basic model than narcissism. A higher level of narcissism and a higher level of mentality of others predict lower satisfaction in an intimate partnership. When the mentalization of others and narcissism are introduced into the basic model at the same time, the predictive power of the model does not increase significantly in relation to the basic model to which only the mentalization of others is added. The conclusion of the research is that the mentalization of others contributes most to the improvement of the predictive power of the basic model.
References
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Anderson, T. L., & Emmers-Sommer, T. M. (2006). Predictors of relationship satisfaction in online romantic relationships. Communication Studies, 57(2), 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970600666834
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Banjac, S., Altaras-Dimitrijević, A., & Dimitrijević, A. (2013). Odnos vezanosti, mentalizacije i intelektualnih sposobnosti u adolescenciji. Psihološka istraživanja, 16(2), 175–190.
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2010). Mentalization based treatment for borderline personality disorder. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 9(1), 11–15.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
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Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Volume 2 Separation, New York: Basic Book.
Brennan, K. A., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Attachment styles and personality disorders: Their connections to each other and to parental divorce, parental death, and perceptions of parental caregiving. Journal of personality, 66(5), 835–878. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00034
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (str. 46–76). New York: The Guilford Press.
Campbell, W. K., & Foster, C. A. (2002). Narcissism and commitment in romantic relationships: An investment model analysis. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 28(4), 484–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202287006
Cann, A., Zapata, C. L., & Davis, H. B. (2011). Humor style and relationship satisfaction in dating couples: Perceived versus self-reported humor styles as predictors of satisfaction. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 24(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2011.001
Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Baldi, V., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2020). Narcissism, perfectionistic self-presentation, and relationship satisfaction from a dyadic perspective: narcissism and relationship satisfaction. Self and Identity, 19(8), 948–966. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2019.1707272
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of personality and social psychology, 58(4), 644–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644
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Dimitrijević, A., Hanak, N., Altaras Dimitrijević, A., & Jolić Marjanović, Z. (2018). The Mentalization Scale (MentS): A self-report measure for the assessment of mentalizing capacity. Journal of personality assessment, 100(3), 268–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1310730
Divac-Jovanović, M., & Švrakić, D. (2017). Granična ličnost i njena različita lica. Beograd: Clio.
Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1990). Attachment style as a predictor of adult romantic relationships. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 58(2), 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.281
Feintuch, B. (1998). Adult attachment, narcissism, shame, and defensiveness (Neobjavljena doktorska disertacija). Michigan State University.
Fonagy, P., & Allison, E. (2012). What is mentalization? The concept and its foundations in developmental research. In N. Midgley & I. Vrouva (Eds.), Minding the child: Mentalization-based interventions with children, young people and their families (11–34). Hove: Routledge.
Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., Moran, G. S., & Higgitt, A. C. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant mental health journal, 12(3), 201–218.
Fonagy, P., Target, M., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1998). Reflective-functioning manual, version 5.0, for application to adult attachment interviews. London: University College London, 161-2.
Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(2), 350–365. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.350
Gottman, J. M., & Katz, L. F. (1989). Effects of marital discord on young children's peer interaction and health. Developmental psychology, 25(3), 373–381.
Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of personality and social psychology, 67(3), 430–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.430
Guerrero, L. K. (1996). Attachment‐style differences in intimacy and involvement: A test of the four‐category model. Communications Monographs, 63(4), 269–292.
Hadden, B. W., Smith, C. V., & Webster, G. D. (2014). Relationship duration moderates associations between attachment and relationship quality: Meta-analytic support for the temporal adult romantic attachment model. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18(1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868313501885
Hanak, N., & Dimitrijevic, A. (2013). A Serbian version of modified and revised experiences in Close Relationships Scale (SM–ECR–R). Journal of personality assessment, 95(5), 530–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.778271
Hazen, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(3), 511–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50(1), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/352430
Hill, A. (2008). Predictors of relationship satisfaction: The link between cognitive flexibility, compassionate love and level of differentiation (Neobjavljena doktorska disertacija). Alliant International University, Los Angeles.
Joel, S., Eastwick, P. W., Allison, C. J., Arriaga, X. B., Baker, Z. G., Bar-Kalifa, E., ... & Wolf, S. (2020). Machine learning uncovers the most robust self-report predictors of relationship quality across 43 longitudinal couples studies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(32), 19061–19071. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917036117
Kantar, D., Hadžić, A., & Dušanić, S. (2020). Stavovi prema religioznosti i relacije sa afektivnom vezanošću u poznoj adolescenciji. Psihološka istraživanja, 23(1), 63–78.
Keller, P. S., Blincoe, S., Gilbert, L. R., Dewall, C. N., Haak, E. A., & Widiger, T. (2014). Narcissism in romantic relationships: A dyadic perspective. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33(1), 25–50. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2014.33.1.25
Kimmes, J. G., Edwards, A. B., Wetchler, J. L., & Bercik, J. (2014). Self and other ratings of dyadic empathy as predictors of relationship satisfaction. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 42(5), 426–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2014.925374
Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 50(1/2), 66–104. https://doi.org/10.2307/3333827
Meeks, B. S., Hendrick, S. S., & Hendrick, C. (1998). Communication, love and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(6), 755–773. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407598156003
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(5), 890–902.
Rasmussen, K. (2016). Entitled vengeance: A meta‐analysis relating narcissism to provoked aggression. Aggressive behavior, 42(4), 362–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21632
Rogers, S. J., & May, D. C. (2003). Spillover between marital quality and job satisfaction: Long‐term patterns and gender differences. Journal of Marriage and family, 65(2), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00482.x
Scharfe, E., & Bartholomew, K. (1995). Accommodation and Attachment Representations in Young Couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12(3), 389–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407595123004
Simpson, J. A. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 59, 971–980. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.971
Smolewska, K., & Dion, K. (2005). Narcissism and adult attachment: A multivariate approach. Self and Identity, 4(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000218
Stefanović-Stanojević, T. Z. (2002). Close partner relationships. Psihologija, 35(1-2), 81–95.
Stefanović-Stanojević, T. (2011) Afektivna vezanost, razvoj modaliteti i procena. Niš: Filozofski fakulet u Nišu.
Topić Lukačević, S., & Bagarić, A. (2018). Teorijski koncepti narcističnog poremećaja ličnosti. Prikaz narcističnog poremećaja u grupnoj analizi. Socijalna psihijatrija, 46(3), 285–306.
Wang, X., Xie, X., Wang, Y., Wang, P., & Lei, L. (2017). Partner phubbing and depression among married Chinese adults: The roles of relationship satisfaction and relationship length. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.014
Whisman, M. A., & Baucom, D. H. (2012). Intimate relationships and psychopathology. Clinical child and family psychology review, 15(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-011-0107-2
Whitton, S. W., & Whisman, M. A. (2010). Relationship satisfaction instability and depression. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(6), 791–794. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021734
Zeigler-Hill, V., Seidman, G., Trombly, D. R., Ishaq, J., Shango, R., & Roberts, A. (2020). Narcissism and romantic commitment: The role of attitudes toward alternative romantic partners. Self and Identity, 19(4), 473–500.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2019.1635521
Ahmadi, V., Ahmadi, S., Honarmand, M. M., Zargar, Y., Arshadi, N., & Mirshekar, S. (2013). The relationships between attachment styles and narcissism among students of Shahid Chamran University in Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 215–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.537
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Anderson, T. L., & Emmers-Sommer, T. M. (2006). Predictors of relationship satisfaction in online romantic relationships. Communication Studies, 57(2), 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970600666834
Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of youth and adolescence, 16(5), 427–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02202939
Banjac, S., Altaras-Dimitrijević, A., & Dimitrijević, A. (2013). Odnos vezanosti, mentalizacije i intelektualnih sposobnosti u adolescenciji. Psihološka istraživanja, 16(2), 175–190.
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2010). Mentalization based treatment for borderline personality disorder. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 9(1), 11–15.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1 Attachment, New York: Basic Book.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Volume 2 Separation, New York: Basic Book.
Brennan, K. A., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Attachment styles and personality disorders: Their connections to each other and to parental divorce, parental death, and perceptions of parental caregiving. Journal of personality, 66(5), 835–878. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00034
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (str. 46–76). New York: The Guilford Press.
Campbell, W. K., & Foster, C. A. (2002). Narcissism and commitment in romantic relationships: An investment model analysis. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 28(4), 484–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202287006
Cann, A., Zapata, C. L., & Davis, H. B. (2011). Humor style and relationship satisfaction in dating couples: Perceived versus self-reported humor styles as predictors of satisfaction. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 24(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2011.001
Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Baldi, V., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2020). Narcissism, perfectionistic self-presentation, and relationship satisfaction from a dyadic perspective: narcissism and relationship satisfaction. Self and Identity, 19(8), 948–966. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2019.1707272
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of personality and social psychology, 58(4), 644–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644
Čudina-Obradović, M., & Obradović, J. (1995). Utjecaj bračnog emocionalnog sklada roditelja na školski uspjeh i ponašanje djece. Društvena istraživanja: časopis za opća društvena pitanja, 4(4–5 (18–19)), 627–639.
Dimitrijević, A., Hanak, N., Altaras Dimitrijević, A., & Jolić Marjanović, Z. (2018). The Mentalization Scale (MentS): A self-report measure for the assessment of mentalizing capacity. Journal of personality assessment, 100(3), 268–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1310730
Divac-Jovanović, M., & Švrakić, D. (2017). Granična ličnost i njena različita lica. Beograd: Clio.
Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1990). Attachment style as a predictor of adult romantic relationships. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 58(2), 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.281
Feintuch, B. (1998). Adult attachment, narcissism, shame, and defensiveness (Neobjavljena doktorska disertacija). Michigan State University.
Fonagy, P., & Allison, E. (2012). What is mentalization? The concept and its foundations in developmental research. In N. Midgley & I. Vrouva (Eds.), Minding the child: Mentalization-based interventions with children, young people and their families (11–34). Hove: Routledge.
Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., Moran, G. S., & Higgitt, A. C. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant mental health journal, 12(3), 201–218.
Fonagy, P., Target, M., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1998). Reflective-functioning manual, version 5.0, for application to adult attachment interviews. London: University College London, 161-2.
Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(2), 350–365. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.350
Gottman, J. M., & Katz, L. F. (1989). Effects of marital discord on young children's peer interaction and health. Developmental psychology, 25(3), 373–381.
Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of personality and social psychology, 67(3), 430–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.430
Guerrero, L. K. (1996). Attachment‐style differences in intimacy and involvement: A test of the four‐category model. Communications Monographs, 63(4), 269–292.
Hadden, B. W., Smith, C. V., & Webster, G. D. (2014). Relationship duration moderates associations between attachment and relationship quality: Meta-analytic support for the temporal adult romantic attachment model. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18(1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868313501885
Hanak, N., & Dimitrijevic, A. (2013). A Serbian version of modified and revised experiences in Close Relationships Scale (SM–ECR–R). Journal of personality assessment, 95(5), 530–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.778271
Hazen, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(3), 511–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50(1), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/352430
Hill, A. (2008). Predictors of relationship satisfaction: The link between cognitive flexibility, compassionate love and level of differentiation (Neobjavljena doktorska disertacija). Alliant International University, Los Angeles.
Joel, S., Eastwick, P. W., Allison, C. J., Arriaga, X. B., Baker, Z. G., Bar-Kalifa, E., ... & Wolf, S. (2020). Machine learning uncovers the most robust self-report predictors of relationship quality across 43 longitudinal couples studies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(32), 19061–19071. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917036117
Kantar, D., Hadžić, A., & Dušanić, S. (2020). Stavovi prema religioznosti i relacije sa afektivnom vezanošću u poznoj adolescenciji. Psihološka istraživanja, 23(1), 63–78.
Keller, P. S., Blincoe, S., Gilbert, L. R., Dewall, C. N., Haak, E. A., & Widiger, T. (2014). Narcissism in romantic relationships: A dyadic perspective. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33(1), 25–50. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2014.33.1.25
Kimmes, J. G., Edwards, A. B., Wetchler, J. L., & Bercik, J. (2014). Self and other ratings of dyadic empathy as predictors of relationship satisfaction. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 42(5), 426–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2014.925374
Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 50(1/2), 66–104. https://doi.org/10.2307/3333827
Meeks, B. S., Hendrick, S. S., & Hendrick, C. (1998). Communication, love and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(6), 755–773. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407598156003
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(5), 890–902.
Rasmussen, K. (2016). Entitled vengeance: A meta‐analysis relating narcissism to provoked aggression. Aggressive behavior, 42(4), 362–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21632
Rogers, S. J., & May, D. C. (2003). Spillover between marital quality and job satisfaction: Long‐term patterns and gender differences. Journal of Marriage and family, 65(2), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00482.x
Scharfe, E., & Bartholomew, K. (1995). Accommodation and Attachment Representations in Young Couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12(3), 389–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407595123004
Simpson, J. A. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 59, 971–980. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.971
Smolewska, K., & Dion, K. (2005). Narcissism and adult attachment: A multivariate approach. Self and Identity, 4(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000218
Stefanović-Stanojević, T. Z. (2002). Close partner relationships. Psihologija, 35(1-2), 81–95.
Stefanović-Stanojević, T. (2011) Afektivna vezanost, razvoj modaliteti i procena. Niš: Filozofski fakulet u Nišu.
Topić Lukačević, S., & Bagarić, A. (2018). Teorijski koncepti narcističnog poremećaja ličnosti. Prikaz narcističnog poremećaja u grupnoj analizi. Socijalna psihijatrija, 46(3), 285–306.
Wang, X., Xie, X., Wang, Y., Wang, P., & Lei, L. (2017). Partner phubbing and depression among married Chinese adults: The roles of relationship satisfaction and relationship length. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.014
Whisman, M. A., & Baucom, D. H. (2012). Intimate relationships and psychopathology. Clinical child and family psychology review, 15(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-011-0107-2
Whitton, S. W., & Whisman, M. A. (2010). Relationship satisfaction instability and depression. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(6), 791–794. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021734
Zeigler-Hill, V., Seidman, G., Trombly, D. R., Ishaq, J., Shango, R., & Roberts, A. (2020). Narcissism and romantic commitment: The role of attitudes toward alternative romantic partners. Self and Identity, 19(4), 473–500.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2019.1635521
Published
2022/07/03
Section
Scientific Articles
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