SOFT CONTACT LENSES-BASIC CHARACTERISTICS, ADVANTAGES AND COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR USE
Abstract
Soft contact lenses have an important place in ophthalmology, both for the correction of refractive anomalies and tor the treatment of some eye diseases. From the moment when adequately biocompatible materials were found, for a very sensitive environment such as the human eye, from early 60s of the 20th century, starts irrepressible expansion of soft contact lenses. The reason for this expansion of soft contact lenses lies in advantages they undo-ubtedly have in comparison to glasses, but also in comparison to hard and semi-hard contact lenses. Unfortunately, in parallel with the increasing number of users of this type of optical aids, increases the incidence of complications that can arise.
Complications can be very diverse in nature and severity, and they can be classified into three major groups: symptoms of eye dryness, infections and allergic-toxic complications. Symptoms of dry eye are very common for users of contact lenses, and their occurrence is especially provoked by certain factors, such as cigarette smoke or prolonged watching the computer screen or TV. These complications are usually not so dangerous and can easily be solved by applying artificial tears. Infections are not so common and occur as a result of inade-quate maintenance of contact lenses. If the symptoms are recognized early, infections are mostly stoped at the level of conjunctivitis and are treated fairly quickly and easily. Otherwise, the infection can progress to ulcerative keratitis, the most severe complication of inadequate application of soft contact lenses, and in some cases it can even lead to blindness. Allergic-toxic complications generally occur in susceptible persons and their occurrence in most cases means contraindication for further wearing of soft contact lenses.
This case report underlines possible role of rheumatoid factor in estimation of the patient’s response to administered therapy.
References
Wegener F. Über generalisierte, septische Gefäßer-krankungen. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 1936, 29: 202-10
Siviglia N. The history of contact lenses. 1st ed. Lancaster: Edward Hand medical heritage foundation; 2010.
Ковач Љ. Тврда (гас пропусна и гас непропусна) контактна сочива. Очна кућа ВИЗИЈА. (Посећено у новембру 2015. године на http://www.ocnakuca-vizija.rs/stranice/tvrdasociva.php).
Perrigin J, Perrigin D, Quintero S, Grosvenor T. Silicone-acrylate contact lenses for myopia control: 3-year results. Optom Vis Sci. 1990; 67(10): 764-9.
Ковач Љ. Мека контактна сочива. Очна кућа ВИ-ЗИЈА. (Посећено у новембру 2015. године на http://www.ocnakucavizija.rs/stranice/mekasociva.php)
Green JA, Phillips KS, Hitchins VM, et al. Material properties that predict preservative uptake for silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Eye Contact Lens. 2012; 38(6): 350-7.
Food and Drug Administration. Medical Devices. Contact lenses. Types of contact lenses. (Посећено у новембру 2015. године на http://www.fda.gov/ MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/HomeHealthandConsumer/ConsumerProducts/ContactLenses/ucm062319.htm).
Tighe BJ. A decade of silicone hydrogel development: surface properties,mechanical properties, and ocular compatibility. Eye Contact Lens. 2013; 39(1): 4-12.
Sweeney DF. Have silicone hydrogel lenses eliminated hypoxia? Eye Contact Lens. 2013; 39(1): 53-60.
Сувајац Г. Компликације настале ношењем меког контактног сочива. Војносанитетски преглед. 2008; 65(1): 15-20.
Varikooty J, Keir N, Richter D, Jones LW, Woods C, Fonn D. Comfort response of three silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 2013; 90(9): 945-53.
Fournié P, Touboul D, Arné JL, Colin J, Malecaze F. [Keratoconus]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2013; 36(7): 618-26.
Yildiz EH, Erdurmus M, Elibol ES, Acar B, Vural ET. Contact lens impact on quality of life in keratoconus patients: rigid gas permeable versus soft silicone-hydrogel keratoconus lenses. Int J Ophthalmol. 2015; 8(5): 1074-7.
Pili K, Kaštelan S, Karabatić M, Kasun B, Čulig B. Dry eye in contact lens wearers as a growing public health problem. Psychiatr Danub. 2014;26 (Suppl 3): 528-32.
McMonnies CW. Psychological and other mechanisms for end-of-day soft lens symptoms. Optom Vis Sci. 2013;90(6):e175-81.
Tran N, Graham AD, Lin MC. Ethnic differences in dry eye symptoms: effects of corneal staining and length of contact lens wear. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2013;36(6): 281-8.
Kastelan S, Lukenda A, Salopek-Rabatić J, Pavan J, Gotovac M. Dry eye symptoms and signs in long-term contact lens wearers. Coll Antropol. 2013;37 (Suppl 1): 199-203.
Khaireddin R. [Contact lens associated dry eye. Current study results and practical implementation]. Ophthalmologe. 2013;110(6): 511-4.
Sengor T, Aydin Kurna S, Ozbay N, Ertek S, Aki S, Altun A. Contact lens-related dry eye and ocular sur-face changes with mapping technique in long-term soft silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers. Eur J Ophthal-mol. 2012;22 (Suppl 7): S17-23.
McDonald M, Schachet JL, Lievens CW, Kern JR. Systane® ultra lubricant eye drops for treatment of contact lens-related dryness. Eye Contact Lens. 2014; 40(2): 106-10.
Food and Drug Administration. Medical Devices. Contact lenses. Everyday Eye Care. (Посећено у новембру 2015. године на http://www.fda.gov/ MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/HomeHealthandConsumer/ConsumerProducts/ContactLenses/ucm062594.htm).
Omali NB, Zhao Z, Zhu H, Tilia D, Willcox MD. Quantification of individual proteins in silicone hydrogel contact lens deposits. Mol Vis. 2013;19:390-9.
Food and Drug Administration. Medical Devices. Contact lenses. Contact lens solutions and products. (Посећено у новембру 2015. године на http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/HomeHealthandConsumer/ConsumerProducts/ContactLenses/ucm062584.htm).
Food and Drug Administration. Medical Devices. Contact lenses. Advice for Patients With Soft Contact Lenses:New Information on Risk of Serious Fungal Infection. (Посећено у новембру 2015. године на http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/PatientAlerts/ucm064709.htm).
Furuhata K, Ishizaki N, Kawakami Y, Fukuyama M. Bacterial contamination of stock solutions in storage cases for contact lens, and the disinfectant-resistance of isolates. Biocontrol Sci. 2010; 15(3): 81-5.
Üstüntürk M, Zeybek Z. Microbial contamination of contact lens storage cases and domestic tap water of contact lens wearers. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2012; 124 (Suppl 3): 17-22.
Food and Drug Administration. Medical Devices. Contact lenses. Contact Lens Risks. (Посећено у новембру 2015. године на http://www.fda.gov/ MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/HomeHealthandConsumer/ConsumerProducts/ContactLenses/ucm062589.htm).
Legarreta JE, Nau AC, Dhaliwal DK. Acanthamoeba keratitis associated with tap water use during contact lens cleaning: manufacturer guidelines need to change. Eye Contact Lens. 2013; 39(2): 158-61.
Sengor T, Kurna SA, Altun A, Irkec M, Aki SF, Aksoy S. Contact Lens-Related Acanthamoeba Keratitis and Accompanying Dacryoadenitis. Eye Contact Lens. 2015; 41(4): 204-9.
Abdelkader A. Cosmetic soft contact lens associated ulcerative keratitis in southern Saudi Arabia. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2014; 21(3): 232-5.
Yildiz EH, Airiani S, Hammersmith KM, et al. Trends in contact lens-related corneal ulcers at a tertiary refer-ral center. Cornea. 2012; 31(10): 1097-102.
Evans DJ, Fleiszig SM. Microbial keratitis: could contact lens material affect disease pathogenesis? Eye Contact Lens. 2013; 39(1): 73-8.
Hong J, Ji J, Xu J, Cao W, Liu Z, Sun X. An unusual case of Acanthamoeba Polyphaga and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa keratitis. Diagn Pathol. 2014; 9:105.
Siddiqui R, Chaudhry T, Lakhundi S, Ahmad K, Khan NA. Failure of chemotherapy in the first reported cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Pakistan. Pathog Glob Health. 2014; 108(1): 49-52.
Sorbara L, Jones L, Williams-Lyn D. Contact lens induced papillary conjunctivitis with silicone hydrogel lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2009; 32(2): 93-6.
Sweeney DF, Jalbert I, Corey M, et al. Clinical characterization of corneal infiltrative events observed with soft contact lens wear. Cornea. 2003; 22(5): 435-42.
Guillon M, Maïssa C. Long-term effects of the daily wear of senofilcon A silicone hydrogel contact lenses on corneal and conjunctival tissues. Optometry. 2010; 81(12): 680-7.
Morgan PB, Chamberlain P, Moody K, Maldonado-Codina C. Ocular physiology and comfort in neophyte subjects fitted with daily disposable silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2013; 36(3): 118-25.
Lima CA, Kara-Jose N, Nichols JJ. Indications, Con-traindications and Selection of Contact Lenses. In: Mannis MJ, Zadnik K, Coral-Ghanem C, Kara-Jose N. Contact Lenses in Ophtalmic Practise. 1st ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2004: 7-17.