ANALIZA KVALITETA ISHRANE UČENIKA ZAVRŠNOG RAZREDA OSNOVNE I SREDNjE ŠKOLE
Sažetak
Rezultati brojnih istraživanja ukazuju na to da mladi imaju loše navike u ishrani. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi u kojoj meri su pokrivene dnevne potrebe za vitaminima, mineralima i energijom kod učenika završnog razreda osnovne i srednje škole. Istraživanje je dizajnirano kao epidemiološka studija preseka u kojoj je učestvovalo ukupno 84 učenika, i to 42 učenika 8. razreda osnovne škole i 42 učenika 4. razreda srednje škole. Dobijeni su podaci o telesnoj masi i visini, količini i sastavu namirnica konzumiranih tokom sedam dana. Za izračunavanje količine vitamina i minerala unetih u organizam korišćene su tablice sastva namirnica iz baze podataka „USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 25“, a poređenje je izvršeno u odnosu na preporuke za dnevni referentni unos Odbora za hranu i ishranu, Nacionalne akademije nauka SAD i Kanade. Rezultati su obrađeni metodama deskriptivne statistike određivanjem srednje vrednosti dnevnog energetskog unosa, dnevnog unosa vitamina i minerala za svakog učenika i standardne devijacije i percentila. Za vitamine i minerale za koje postoji definisana vrednost procenjene prosečne potrebe određena je prevalenca neadekvatnog unosa izražena kao procenat ispitanika čiji je prosečni dnevni unos niži od referentne vrednosti, dok je za vitamine i minerale za koje je definisana samo vrednost adekvatnog unosa izračunat procenat ispitanika čiji je unos jednak ili veći od adekvatnog unosa. Poređenjem prosečnog dnevnog energetskog unosa sa izračunatim procenjenim energetskim potrebama pokazano je da 47,6% učenika osnovne i 38,1% učenika srednje škole ima odgovarajući energetski unos. Istraživanje je pokazalo da ishrana učenika ne zadovoljava njihove dnevne potrebe u odnosu na preporuke za unos magnezijuma, kalcijuma, vitamina C i liposolubilnih vitamina A, D, E i K. Učenicima bi trebalo skrenuti pažnju na značaj pravilne ishrane i potrebu za većim unosom mleka, mlečnih proizvoda, svežeg voća i povrća kako bi se omogućio adekvatan unos vitamina i minerala.
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