RISK ASSESSMENT IN CORRELATION WITH OBESITY AND LABORATORY MONITORING OF THE MOST COMMON FEMALE BREAST CANCERS IN SARAJEVO CANTON

Amar Kustura; Berina  Hasanefendić; Lajla Halilović; Lejla  Ibričević Balić; Muamer Suljić; Velda Smailbegović

doi:10.5937/sanamed0-48121

Amar Kustura University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Health Studies, Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Berina Hasanefendić 1. University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Health Studies, Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2. Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Department of Clinical Biochemistry with Immunology,Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lajla Halilović Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Department of Clinical Biochemistry with Immunology,Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lejla Ibričević Balić Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Clinic of Hematology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Muamer Suljić General hospital Novi Pazar, Department of Internal Medicine, Novi Pazar, Serbia
Velda Smailbegović Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Clinic of Oncology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/sanamed0-48121

Keywords: breast cancer, tumor markers, risk factors, lifestyles, genetics

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant disease that predominantly affects women, with known genetic components such as mutations in tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Other risk factors include unhealthy lifestyles, lack of physical activity, and consumption of alcohol and cigarettes. Aging also plays a role in BC development, with hormonal influences such as estrogen and progesterone promoting cancer growth.

Material and Methods: Research was conducted using data collection tools for risk factors and tumor markers from primary healthcare unit records. The sample comprised 200 women, divided into two groups based on BC diagnosis, with complete medical documentation. Male BC cases were excluded.

Results: Statistical significance was found between genetic components, family history, aging, obesity, alcohol and cigarette consumption, longer hormone exposure, and female BC development using the Chi-Square test, confirmed by Fisher's Exact test. Tumor markers CA 15-3, CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 125 were useful for BC screening and metastasis detection, as determined by the One Sample T-test. In Sarajevo Canton, invasive ductal BC was the most common type among women, while lobular carcinoma in situ was the least common.

Conclusion: Correlations between risk factors, including aging, unhealthy lifestyles, and hormone exposure, and increased BC risk were confirmed. Tumor markers CA 15-3, CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 125 were effective in diagnosis, screening, and metastasis detection in females, with sensitivity for regression detection at 81.8% and specificity at 100%.

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