Eruption of First Permanent Molar Among a Group of Iraqi Children in Relation to Nutritional Status

  • Muna Saleem Khalaf College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad
  • Meena Osama Abdul-Wadood College of Dentistry University of Baghdad
  • Asmaa Mohammed Khammas College of Dentistry University of Baghdad
Keywords: Body mass index, Eruption time, Stage of eruption, First permanent molars

Abstract


Background/Aim: The timing of a tooth's eruption can be affected by a variety of factors. The nutritional status has an impact on the development of a child’s body. The purpose of the study was to count the number of children aged 6 to 9 in an Iraqi Arab population who had erupted permanent first molars and to examine how nutritional status affected the timing and level of emergence.

Methods: A total of 330 boys and girls, in first grade elementary school, made up the sample. First molars that had erupted were noted, along with the level of the eruption. Each child's nutritional status was evaluated by recording their height and weight and body mass index (BMI) value was compared to the 2007 WHO reference.

Results: Girls had higher number of erupted molars than boys did and a correlation between the number of erupted teeth and nutritional condition existed, with a higher mean number of erupted molars in obese children.

Conclusion: BMI had an impact on the timing of the eruption of permanent first molars, a result that was primarily observed in females.

Author Biographies

Meena Osama Abdul-Wadood, College of Dentistry University of Baghdad

Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 

Lecturer 

Asmaa Mohammed Khammas , College of Dentistry University of Baghdad

Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 

References

Demirjian A, Levesque G-Y. Sexual differences in dental development and prediction of emergence. J Dent Res. 1980 Jul;59(7):1110-22. doi: 10.1177/00220345800590070301.

Wise G. Cellular and molecular basis of tooth eruption. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2009 May;12(2):67-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2009.01439.x.

Suri L, Gagari E, Vastardis H. Delayed tooth eruption: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. A literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Oct;126(4):432-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.10.031.

World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation: World Health Organization; 2003. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2003;916:i-viii, 1-149, backcover. PMID: 12768890.

WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004 Jan 10;363(9403):157-63. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3.

Al-Ghalebi, S. Oral health status and treatment needs in relation to nutritional status among 9-10 year- old school children in Nassiryia City/Iraq. Master thesis, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, 2011.

Hasan DM, Hussien BH. Oral health status in relation to nutritional status among kindergarten children aged (4-5) years old in Karbala city / Iraq. Mustansiria Dent J. 2019;14(1):72-9. doi: 10.32828/mdj.v14i1.762.

Al-Awadi ZA, Hussien BH. Oral health status in relation to nutritional status among 9 years old school children in Dewanyiah City/Iraq. Mustansiria Dent J. 2017;14(1):80-6. doi: 10.32828/mdj.v14i1.763.

AL-Nassary HT, Mohammed AT. Dental caries and treatment needs in relation to nutritional status among kindergartens children in Tikrit City, Iraq. Indian J Public Health Res Dev. 2019 Oct 1;10(10). doi: 10.5958/0976-5506.2019.03095.X.

AL Khafaji SY, Al Rawi NA. Oral health in relation to nutritional status among 10 years old primary school children in Al-Hillah city/ Iraq. J Bagh Coll Dent. 2019;31(4):46-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v31i4.2720.

Gatta EA, Al-Alousi WS, Diab BS. Primary teeth emergence in relation to nutritional status among 4-48 months old children in Baghdad City. Mustansiria Dent J. 2008;5(1):62-70. doi: doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v5i1.507.

Hanoon SA. Effect of protein-energy malnutrition through body mass index on eruption time condition among 6 and 9 years old in primary school children at Sammawa City. J Babylon Univ Appl Sci. 2013;21(06):1-9.

Ahmed HS, Al-Dahan ZA. Time of emergence of permanent teeth and impact of nutritional status among 4-15 years old children and teenagers in Bashar City, Iraq. J Baghdad Coll Dent. 2016;325:1-7. doi: 10.12816/0033224.

Hassan DHM, Al-Joranii SM. Effect of feeding pattern and salivary level of growth hormone on the stage of primary tooth eruption: an analytical cross-sectional study. Dent Hypotheses. 2023;14:52-4. doi: 10.4103/denthyp.denthyp43_23.

Salim Younis M, Ahmed K, Mand W, Hameed Fatah S. The correlation between BMI and dental caries/tooth eruption among 12 years old school children in both private and governmental in Erbil City. Eurasian J Sci Eng. 2023;9(2):1-11. doi: 10.23918/eajse.v9i2p1.

Carvalho JC, Ekstrand KR, Thylstrup A. Dental plaque and caries on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in relation to stage of eruption. J Dent Res. 1989;68:773-9. doi: 10.1177/00220345890680050401.

de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007 Sep;85(9):660-7. doi: 10.2471/blt.07.043497.

Raghavan A, Srinivasan N, Sherif AS, Somasundaram N, Govindhan M, Diwakar MKP. Association between mean age of eruption of the permanent teeth and body mass index among school-going children of 7–17 years of age in Chennai City. J Oral Health Comm Dent. 2019;13:40. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10062-0047.

Mohamedhussein N, Busuttil-Naudi A, Mohammed H, UlHaq A. Association of obesity with the eruption of first and second permanent molars in children: a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2020 Feb;21(1):13-23. doi: 10.1007/s40368-019-00452-6.

Jafar ZJ. Oral health and nutritional status in relation to intelligence quotient (IQ) of children in Baghdad. J Int Dent Med Res. 2019;12:1487-91.

Wong HM, Peng S-M, Yang Y, King NM, McGrath CPJ. Tooth eruption and obesity in 12-year-old children. J Dent Sci. 2017;12:126-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.10.004.

Talwar I, Airi P. Physical growth and nutritional status of children aged 6-8 years of Panchkula city (Haryana), India. Human Biol Rev. 2015;4:1-26.

Kutesa A, Nkamba EM, Muwazi L, Buwembo W, Rwenyonyi CM. Weight, height and eruption times of permanent teeth of children aged 4–15 years in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Oral Health. 2013;13:1-8. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-15.

Laith NMH, Al-Rawi NA. Dentition status in relation to nutritional condition among a group of intermediate school students in Al-Najaf city/Iraq. J Baghdad Coll Dent. 2017;29:89-95. doi: 10.12816/0043003.

Reis CL, Barbosa MC, Henklein S, Madalena IR, de Lima DC, Oliveira MA, et al. Nutritional status is associated with permanent tooth eruption in a group of Brazilian school children. Glob Pediatr Health. 2021;8:2333794X211034088. doi: 10.1177/2333794X211034088.

Esan TA, Schepartz LA. Does nutrition have an effect on the timing of tooth formation? Am J Phys Anthropol. 2020 Mar;171(3):470-80. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23987.

Hegde RJ, Vadgaonkar V, Kamath S. A correlative analysis of dental age, chronological age, and body mass index and its impact on dental development in 6-13 year old children of Navi Mumbai, India. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2018 Oct-Dec;36(4):376-80. doi: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_189_18.

Garn SM, Lewis AB, Kerewsky RS. Genetic, nutritional, and maturational correlates of dental development. J Dent Res. 1965;44:228. doi: 10.1177/00220345650440011901.

Peng SM, Wong HM, King NM, McGrath C. Association between dental caries and adiposity status (general, central, and peripheral adiposity) in 12-year-old children. Caries Res. 2014;48(1):32-8. doi: 10.1159/000351690.

Published
2024/04/18
Section
Original article