Bone Marrow - Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Platelet Rich Fibrin: A Promising Step of Growth Plate Injury Treatment in Rabbit

  • Dimas Rangga Yudyanda Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0236-6383
  • Komang Agung Irianto Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlanggaicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital
  • Purwati Purwati Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Universitas Airlangga, 2nd Floor Institute of Tropical Disease Building, Campus C UNAIR Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-2481
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed56-53332
Keywords: Bone marrow, Health outcomes, Mesenchymal stem cell, Platelet-rich fibrin, Physeal injury, Tibia, Product innovation

Abstract


Background/Aim: Paediatric physeal injuries account for about 30 % of all bone injuries, often affecting growth plates. Current treatments emphasise prevention, as regenerating the damaged physis is challenging. This study aimed to analyse whether combining bone marrow mesenchymal stem-cell (BM-MSC) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can regenerate physis bone.

Methods: The twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits, aged 6 weeks, were acclimatised for 1 week. BM-MSC and PRF were then prepared. A physis injury was induced in the proximal tibia of the rabbits, then divided into four groups: control, BM-MSC treatment, PRF treatment, combination of BM-MSC and PRF treatment. After 4 weeks, rabbits were sacrificed and evaluated. The bony bar diameter was measured using haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, while the expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX-9) was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). 

Results: Histology showed that the BM-MSC and PRF combination led to better regeneration than the control, BM-MSC alone, or PRF alone in terms of osteochondral union. SOX-9 indicators showed significant differences between the control vs BM-MSC groups (p = 0.099); BM-SC vs PRF groups (p = 0.032). TNF-α indicators showed no significant differences at all. VEGF indicators showed significant differences between the control vs BM-MSC and PRF groups (p = 0.008); PRF vs BM-MSC and PRF groups (p = 0.021).

Conclusion: Administration of BM-MSC, PRF or a combination of BM-MSC and PRF showed comparable effectiveness in osteochondral union based on histological outcomes. Conversely, PRF alone exhibited the highest effectiveness in IHC analysis. However, none of these results were statistically significant.

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Published
2025/02/28
Issue
Vol. 56 No. 1 (2025): Jan-Feb
Section
Original article
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