Bovine Amnion–Alginate Sponge (BAAS) as A Modern Wound Dressing: Pilot Study of Functional Groups, Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, and Interleukin-6 Level

  • Muhammad Bayu Zohari Hutagalung Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2431-1957
  • Tabita Prajasari Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7468-2265
  • Dwinka Syafira Eljatin Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1883-2780
  • Mouli Edward Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-9770
  • Heri Suroto Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/ Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed56-56888
Keywords: Amnion, Cattle, Alginates, Sponge, Biomolecules, Wounds and injuries, Chronic

Abstract


Background/Aim: Chronic wounds are a significant health burden, impacting millions globally and incurring high healthcare costs. Bovine amnion membrane (BAM) offers anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial properties and bioactive growth factors, making it a promising candidate for wound healing applications. At the same time, alginate enhances the stabilisation and delivery of growth factors. This study aimed to characterise a bovine–amnion–alginate sponge (BAAS) by analysing its functional groups and evaluating the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels in different ratios.

Methods: A laboratory-based experimental study with a randomized, post-test-only design was conducted. BAAS at ratios of 25 %: 75 %, 50 %: 50 % and 75 %: 25 % were crosslinked with CaCl₂. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to assess functional groups and provide insights into the molecular composition of the samples. Meanwhile, the biomolecules of IL-6 and bFGF levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Chemical functional group analysis using FTIR confirmed ionic bonding between Ca²⁺ ions and carboxylate groups, glycosidic stability and enhanced hydrophilicity in BAM-rich formulations. IL-6 levels were 45, 49 and 56 pg/mL, while bFGF levels were 42, 46 and 52 pg/mL for BAM-alginate ratios of 25 %: 75 %, 50 %: 50 % and 75 %: 25 %, respectively. No IL-6 or bFGF was detected in the pure alginate control.

Conclusion: BAAS formulations demonstrate the interplay between functional groups identified in FTIR spectra and cytokine/growth factor modulation observed in ELISA as evidence that its composition can be tailored to address specific phases of wound healing.

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Published
2025/10/31
Issue
Vol. 56 No. 5 (2025): Sep-Oct
Section
Original article
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