Reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment in Lahore population: A cross-sectional survey in a low-income country

Rasul Faiz; Waheed ul Hamid Muhammad; Tariq Mehwish; Rizvi Zainab; Ilyas Muhammad; Hussain Shah Shabbir

doi:10.5937/sejodr6-23978

Rasul Faiz Department of Oral Pathology de' Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore
Waheed ul Hamid Muhammad Department of Orthodontics de' Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore
Tariq Mehwish de' Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore
Rizvi Zainab Department of Oral Pathology de' Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore
Ilyas Muhammad Department of Orthodontics de' Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore
Hussain Shah Shabbir Department of Orthodontics de' Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/sejodr6-23978

Abstract

Introduction: Poor esthetics, dysfunction and discomfort are the key reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment across the world as reported by many researchers. This paper presents the causative factor for seeking orthodontic treatment in the patients who are visiting Punjab Dental Hospital of a populous city Lahore (de' Montmorency College of Dentistry) in local settings and associating these reasons with demographic characteristics. Objective: Aim of this cross-sectional survey was to explore the reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment among individuals who are visiting PDH. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in Punjab Dental Hospital (PDH) after the approval of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) on a sample of 98 individuals having malocclusion assessed with Angle's classification of the malocclusion. We chose simple random sampling. A self-structure questionnaire was designed to get data by the principal investigator after taking verbal and written consent. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS 21. Chi-square test of association was applied to associate reasons with different demographic variables. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Female respondents were more in number than males. Around one-third of respondents (30.6 %) had a monthly income of less than 25000 PKR ($ 170). Esthetics was the primary reason for seeking orthodontic treatment. The most common type of malocclusion was the Class II malocclusion. Statistically significant factors that emerged in this study that turned into reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment were hurdles in marriage, referral by a general dentist, motivation by parents, self-esteem and speech problems. Conclusion: In conclusion, patients seek orthodontic treatment mainly to enhance facial esthetics and self-confidence, motivation by the parents, and social acceptability.

References

Isaia B, Ravarotto M, Finotti P, Nogara M, Piran G, Gamberini J, Biz C, Masiero S, Frizziero A. Analysis of Dental Malocclusion and Neuromotor Control in Young Healthy Subjects through New Evaluation Tools. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2019; 4(1):5.

Alkan Ö, Kaya Y, Alkan EA, Keskin S, Cochran DL. Assessment of Gingival Biotype and Keratinized Gingival Width of Maxillary Anterior Region in Individuals with Different Types of Malocclusion. Turk J Orthod. 2018;31(1):13-20.

Chahal N, Rana M, Dhawan A, Gulia S. Assessment of Frequency of Occurrence of Malocclusion among Known Paediatric Population: A Clinical Study. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res 2018;6(8):37-39.

Shaikh BT, Hatcher J. Health seeking behaviour and health service utilization in Pakistan: challenging the policy makers. J Public Health (Oxf ). 2005;27(1):49-54.

dos Santos Oliveira R, Flório FM, Oliveira AM. Self-Perception of Brazilian Adolescents who need Orthodontic Treatment. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada. 2018;18(1):3729.

Hassan N, Rasool G, Nausheen A, Rahman S, Hussain T. Patient and parent motivation for orthodontic treatment. Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry (JKCD). 2016; 6(2): 11-15.

Singh P. Adult orthodontic patients in primary care and their motivation for seeking treatment. Orthodontic Update. 2016 Apr 2;9(2):69-72. Accessesd on October 2019 (https://tendental.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2016-Publication-4.pdf)

dos Santos Letieri A, Fernandez CC, Lima SO, Maia LC, Coqueiro RS, Pithon MM. Age and aesthetics perception related to different types of orthodontic devices. Is there a relationship? J World Fed Orthod. 2018 Mar 1;7(1):29-33.

Phillips C, Bennett ME, Broder HL. Dentofacial disharmony: psychological status of patients seeking treatment consultation. Angle Orthod. 1998;68(6):547-56.

Al Fawzan A, Al Fawzan A. Reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment in Qassim region: a Pilot Study. Int Dent J Stud Res. 2013;1:58-62.

Abdullah AA, Yassin ZM, Zamzam N. Reasons For Seeking Orthodontic Treatment A Pilot Study. Annals of Dentistry University of Malaya. 2001;8(1):13-9.

Kong YY, Ghazali H, Hassan WN. Orthodontic treatment need and outcome at University of Malaya. Annals of Dentistry University of Malaya. 2018;19(1):1-0.

Wedrychowska-Szulc B, Syryńska M. Patient and parent motivation for orthodontic treatment--a questionnaire study. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32(4):447-52.

M Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge ML, Ramos-Jorge J, Pereira LJ, Paiva SM, Pordeus LA. Self-perception regarding the need for orthodontic treatment among impoverished schoolchildren in Brazil. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2009;10(3):125-30.

Smith L, Wong L, Phemister R, Blanch K, Jack H, Fowler P, Antoun J, Foster Page L. “Why, why, why do I have such big teeth, why?” Low socio-economic status and access to orthodontic treatment. New Zealand Dental Journal. 2018;114 (2):64-72.

Nurminen L, Pietilä T, Vinkka-Puhakka H. Motivation for and satisfaction with orthodontic-surgical treatment: a retrospective study of 28 patients. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21(1):79-87.

Etcoff NL, Stock S, Haley LE, Vickery SA, House DM. Cosmetics as a feature of the extended human phenotype: Modulation of the perception of biologically important facial signals. PloS one. 2011;6(10):e25656.

Pandey BR, Singh SK, Singh R, Mishra R, Mishra S, Ghart B. Pattern of Malocclusion in PatientSeeking Orthodontic Treatment at Medical Colleges & Teaching Hospitals of Chitwan, Nepal. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal. 2018;8(2):41-4.

Singh JP. The contemporary Indian family. Handbook of world families. 2005:129-66.

DiBiase AT, Sandler PJ. Malocclusion, orthodontics and bullying. Dent Update. 2001;28(9):464-6.

Basit M, Sajjad SH, Khan MI, Ali A, Kurshid SK. Spatio-Temporal Trends of Urban Population in Pakistan. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. 2018;6:8.