Evaluation of long-term sagittal lip changes using Burstone line: Pilot Study
Lip changes using Burstone line
Abstract
Objective
Lip position has become one of the most important soft tissue analyses as it influences the occlusion, tooth stability and facial aesthetic. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the short-term and long-term sagittal lip positions/changes using the Burstone line (B-line).
Methods
The sample consisted of 18 Caucasoid females only (14 extractions, 4 non-extractions) who were successfully treated with edgewise appliances. All the patients were evaluated before treatment (T1),at the end of active treatment (T2), and at a long-term follow-up observation (T3). The mean age at commencement was 13.2 years with the range of 10.5-19 years.
The linear distance between the tip of the lips and the B-line were measured.
Results
T1-T2 time intervals showed the upper lip underwent a mean change of 1.272 mm relative to the B-line (-32.8%) which was statistically significant. The lower lip showed a mean change of 1.549 mm (-22.2%), but these changes were not statistically significant.
Lip protrusion relative to the B-line continued to reduce during the long term follow up period. The upper lip showed slight changes (-9.2%), whereas the lower lip demonstrated greater change (-53.8%).
Conclusion
Using B-line, the sagittal soft tissue lip positions were more retrusive on the long-term follow-up records for both extraction and non-extraction cases, their values were not very different from the normal values of the untreated cases. Although the differences were not statistically significant, upper lips were retrusive post treatment from T1-T2, while were statistically significant the lower lips were retrusive from T1-T2.
References
Turley PK. Evolution of esthetic considerations in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;148: 374‐9.
Nanda RS, Ghosh J. Facial soft tissue harmony and growth in orthodontic treatment. Seminars in Orthodontics. 1995;1: 67-81.
Kingsley NA. A treatise on Oral Deformities: As a Branch of Mechanical Surgery. England HK Lewis, 2017.
Bishara SE, Cummins DM, Zacher AR. Treatment and post-treatment changes in patients with Class II Div 1 malocclusion after extraction and non-extraction treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;111: 18-27.
Janson G, Castello Branco N, Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Henriques JFC, de Morais JF. Soft tissue treatment changes with fixed functional appliances and with maxillary premolar extraction in Class II division 1 malocclusion patients. Eur J Orthod. 2018;40: 214‐22.
Evrard A, Tepedino M, Cattaneo PM, Cornelis MA. Which factors influence orthodontists in their decision to extract? A questionnaire surveys. J Clin Exp Dent 2019;11: 432‐438. [PMID: 31275515].
Paquette DE, Beattie JR, Johnson LE Jr. A long-term comparison of non-extraction and premolar extraction edgewise therapy in “borderline” Class II patients. Am J Orthod. 1992; 102: 1-14.
Luppanapornlarp S, Johnston LE Jr. The effects of premolar-extraction: A longterm comparison of outcomes in “clear-cut” extraction and non-extraction Class II patients. Angle Orthod. 1993; 63: 257-72.
Ismail SFH, Moss JP. The three-dimensional effects of orthodontic treatment on the facial soft tissues - a preliminary study. Br Dent J. 2001;192: 104-8.
Zierhut EC, Jooneph DR, Artun J, Little RM. Long term profile changes associated with successfully treated extraction and non-extraction Class II Div 1 malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2000; 70: 208-19.
Burstone CJ. Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning. Am J Orthod. 1967; 53: 262-84.
Maddalone M, Losi F, Rota E, Baldoni MG. Relationship between the Position of the Incisors and the Thickness of the Soft Tissues in the Upper Jaw: Cephalometric Evaluation. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;12: 391‐7.
Hsu BS. Comparison of the five analytic reference lines of horizontal lip position: their consistency and sensitivity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993; 104: 355-60.
Burstone CJ. The integumental profile. Am J Orthod. 1958; 44: 1-25.
Steiner CC. Cephalometrics for you and me. Am J Orthod. 1953; 39:729-755.
Kailasam V, Valiathan A. Cephalometrics for you and me–Valid in today's scenario? J Indian Orthod Soc. 2018;52: 101-4.
Bishara SE, Jakobsen JR, Hession TJ, Treder JE. Soft tissue profile changes from 45 years of age. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998; 114: 698-706.
Battagel JM. Profile changes following treatment of Class II Div 1 malocclusion: a comparison of the effects of Edgewise and Frankel appliance techniques. Eur J Orthod. 1989;11: 243-53 [PMID: 2792214].
Drobocky OB, Smith RJ. Changes in facial profile during orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989; 95: 220-30.
Freitas BV, Rodrigues VP, Rodrigues MF, de Melo HVF, Dos Santos PCF. Soft tissue facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment with or without tooth extractions in Class I malocclusion patients: A comparative study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2019; 92: 172‐6.
Bravo, L.A. Soft tissue facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment with four premolars extracted. Angle Orthod. 1994; 64: 31-42.
Maetevorakul S, Viteporn S. Factors influencing soft tissue profile changes following orthodontic treatment in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Prog Orthod. 2016; 17:13.
Janson G, Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Niederberger A. Changes in apical base sagittal relationship in Class II malocclusion treatment with and without premolar extractions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Angle Orthod. 2017;87: 338‐355.
Finnoy JP, Wisth PJ, Boe OE. Changes in soft tissue profile during and after orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 1987; 9: 68-78.
Almurtadha RH, Alhammadi MS, Fayed MMS, Abou-El-Ezz A, Halboub E. Changes in Soft Tissue Profile After Orthodontic Treatment With and Without Extraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2018;183: 193‐202.
The Creative Commons Attribution License cc-by-nc-nd formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.
Copyright on any open access article in a SEJODR journal published by Dentitio d.o.o. is retained by the author(s).
Authors grant Dentitio d.o.o. a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.
Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
The Creative Commons Attribution License cc-by-nc-nd formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.