O značaju higijenskih mera u suzbijanju infektivnih bolesti koje se prenose respiratornim putem

Srđan Stankov

doi:10.5937/smclk2-32327

Srđan Stankov Pasteur Institute Novi Sad

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/smclk2-32327

Sažetak

Zarazne bolesti su postojale u obliku epidemija tokom istorije čovečanstva, a patogeni mikroorganizmi su dugo bili smatrani odgovornim za njihovo pojavljivanje. Međutim, takozvani biološki agensi akutnih zaraznih bolesti nisu njihovi stvarni uzroci, već samo katalizatori već postojećih patoloških procesa. Otuda ekstremna varijabilnost lokacije i intenziteta patoloških procesa sa istim biološkim uzročnikom kod različitih jedinki vrste domaćina. Patogenost i virulencija mikroorganizama nisu njihova vlastita i nepromenljiva svojstva, već su samo rezultat patogenosti neživih faktora životne sredine koji deluju na domaćina i koji obično ostaju van fokusa medicinskih istraživanja. Pitanje od glavne praktične važnosti, kako da sprečimo pojavu zaraznih bolesti, daje nam istorija. U prošlosti su mnoge higijenske mere bile dovoljne da se većina zaraznih bolesti svede na neznatnu pojavu. Do sada je društvo puno uradilo na higijenskim standardima čvrstih i tečnih materija u našem okruženju. Međutim, briga o higijeni atmosfere i dalje je prilično nerazvijena i zanemarena. Danas se atmosfera neprekidno i sistematski zagađuje određenim gasovima, parama kao i česticama. Direktni rezultat ovakog stanja razvoja higijenske prakse je da su danas jedina vrsta epidemija koje pogađaju opštu populaciju epidemije koje se šire atmosferom, tj. respiratorne epidemije. Da bi se trajno eliminisala dalja mogućnost respiratornih epidemija, neophodno je uvesti trajne i sistematske mere za održavanje higijene atmosfere ljudskih naselja.

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