UTICAJ TAJMINGA OPERACIJE PRELOMA KUKA NA KRAJNJI ISHOD LEČENJA
Sažetak
Uvod: Incidencija preloma kuka pokazuje trend porasta na globalnom nivou, zahvaljujući sve dužem životnom veku. Procenjeno je da će do 2050. godine dostići broj od 6,26 miliona slučajeva godišnje. Cilj našeg preglednog rada jeste analiza dostupne literature o vezi između tajminga operacije preloma kuka i njegovog uticaja na morbiditet i mortalitet.
Rezultati: Preko 85% pacijenata koji zadobiju prelom kuka su lica starija od 65 godina sa postojećim komorbiditetima. I sa adekvatnim i optimalnim lečenjem, godine i komorbiditeti ih predisponiraju za lošiju prognozu i veći morbiditet i mortalitet, u odnosu na opštu populaciju. Zvanični stav AAOS-a je da pacijenti operisani unutar 48 h od prijema u bolnicu imaju bolji ishod lečenja. Razloge za odlaganje operativnog lečenja možemo podeliti u medicinske i nemedicinske. Veliki broj objavljenih studija podržava stav da pacijenti koji su operisani 24 h unutar prijema imaju bolji ishod u pogledu razvoja komplikacija i mortaliteta (nakon 30 dana i nakon godinu dana) nego pacijenti koji su operisani kasnije. Sa druge strane, nekoliko retrospektivnih studija i meta-analiza pokazalo je da nema značajne razlike u mortalitetu između pacijenata operisanih 24 h, 36 h i 48 h nakon prijema. Ipak, u navedenim studijama je operativno lečenje u roku od 4 dana od prijema u bolnicu identifikovano kao najznačajniji faktor koji korelira sa smanjenim mortalitetom.
Zaključak: Pacijente sa prelomom kuka trebalo bi operisati unutar 24 h od prijema u bolnicu, ukoliko nemaju akutno medicinsko stanje koje onemogućava operaciju. Ukoliko postoji medicinsko stanje koje može biti korigovano, ta granica se podiže na 48 h, ali vreme čekanja na operativno lečenje ne bi trebalo da bude duže od 4 dana.
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