KLINIČKE KARAKTERISTIKE KOVID-19 INFEKCIJE I EFIKASNOST VAKCINACIJE KOD BOLESNIKA SA HEMATOLOŠKIM MALIGNITETIMA

  • Olivera Marković Doc. dr
  • Anica Divac dr
  • Ilija Bukurecki dr
  • Marija Branković Asistent dr
  • Igor Jovanović dr. sci. med
  • Predrag Đuran
  • Marija Zdravković Doc. dr
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/3-35474
Ključne reči: KOVID-19, hematološki maligniteti, vakcina

Sažetak


Pacijenti sa hematološkim malignitetima imaju povećan rizik od teških formi KOVID-19 infekcije i veću smrtnost, u poređenju sa pacijentima sa KOVID-19 infekcijom u opštoj populaciji, zbog imunosupresije izazvane samom hematološkom bolešću i/ili onkološkom terapijom, često uznapredovalog životnog doba, ali i niskog nivoa serokonverzije nakon vakcinacije. Oni takođe imaju povećan rizik i od zaražavanja, zbog potrebe za čestim dolascima u zdravstvene ustanove i visoke izloženosti drugim bolesnicima. Rezultati publikovanih studija naglašavaju važnost strategija prevencije KOVID-19 infekcije kod ovih bolesnika, zasnovanih na merama kontrole infekcije i fizičkog distanciranja, kao i na pravovremenoj vakcinaciji. Faktori rizika, koji su se pokazali ključnim za razvoj teških oblika bolesti, jesu: starosno doba, prisustvo komorbiditeta, prisustvo maligniteta, progresivna bolest, kao i vrsta onkološke terapije koju je pacijent dobijao. Stoga, bolesnici sa hematološkim malignitetima predstavljaju prioritetnu grupu pacijenata za vakcinaciju, koja je preporučena od strane svih međunarodnih stručnih udruženja. Imajući u vidu da su ovi bolesnici pod rizikom da ne razviju adekvatan imunološki odgovor na vakcinu, postoje dileme oko optimalnog vremenskog perioda kada treba primeniti vakcinu, u kojoj dozi, i kakav je kapacitet razvoja imunološkog odgovora na vakcine kod pojedinih hematoloških maligniteta. Studije su pokazale da je, i pored slabijeg imunološkog odgovora na vakcinu, smrtnost vakcinisanih pacijenata kod hematoloških maligniteta značajno manja, u odnosu na nevakcinisane bolesnike.

U ovom članku urađen je pregled relevantnih studija, u kojima su analizirane karakteristike, morbiditet i mortalitet pacijenata sa hematološkim malignitetima i infekcijom KOVID-19, kao i uloga i efikasnost vakcinacije kod ovih pacijenata.

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Objavljeno
2022/03/24
Broj časopisa
Vol. 3 Br. 1 (2022): Srpski medicinski časopis Lekarske komore
Rubrika
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