RODNE RAZLIKE NA RADNOM MESTU: BOLOVANJE I GUBITAK PRODUKTIVNOSTI NA POSLU I NJIHOVA POVEZANOST SA ZDRAVLJEM I FAKTORIMA RADNOG MESTA
Sažetak
Uvod: Razlike u odsustvovanju sa radnog mesta zbog bolovanja i u gubitku produktivnosti na poslu između muškaraca i žena su prepoznate, ali ih je potrebno bolje razumeti.
Materijali i metode: Na veb platformi je sprovedena studija preseka u kojoj je učestvovalo 10.407 zaposlenih radnika iz 37 kompanija u Holandiji, u periodu između 2010. i 2014. godine. Zaposleni su se izjašnjavali o učestalosti kratkotrajnih (<9 dana) i dugotrajnih (10 ili više dana) odsustvovanja sa radnog mesta zbog bolovanja, tokom prethodnih 12 meseci, kao i o produktivnosti na radnom mestu, fizičkim i psihosocijalnim faktorima na radu, i zdravstvenim problemima. Log-linearni modeli su korišćeni za procenu odnosa prevalencije (OP), sa 95% intervalom poverenja (IP).
Rezultati: Žene su češće od muškaraca koristile kratkotrajno i dugotrajno bolovanje (OP 1,06, 95% IP 1,01-1,11, i OP 1,33, 95% IP 1,21-1,46, respektivno), ali su ređe beležile više od 30% smanjenja produktivnosti na radnom mestu (OP 0,90, 95% IP 0,81 – 0,99). U kratkotrajnom odsustvovanju sa posla zbog bolovanja, rodne razlike su smanjene za 20%, nakon prilagođavanja modela za potencijalni uticaj psihosocijalnih faktora na radu, i za 60%, nakon kontrole za uticaj zdravstvenih problema, nezavisno jedni od drugih. Nijedan od gore navedenih faktora nije mogao da objasni veći gubitak produktivnosti na poslu kod muškaraca u odnosu na žene.
Zaključci: Veća prevalencija bolovanja kod žena se može delimično objasniti psihosocijalnim faktorima povezanim sa radom i zdravstvenim problemima. Potrebne su dalje studije kako bi se istražio veći gubitak produktivnosti na poslu među muškarcima.
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