MATERNALNO-FETALNA INTERAKCIJA I MODULIRANJE U STVARANJU NOVE POPULACIJE: PREGLED POSTOJEĆIH DOKAZA O POVEZANOSTI FETALNE ISHRANE I RAZVOJA HRONIČNIH BOLESTI U TOKU ŽIVOTA
Sažetak
Koncept fetalnog programiranja pronašao je svoje mesto u nauci i nastavlja da kontinuirano osvetlljava put ka boljem razumevanju fetalnog života i njegovog uticaja na postnatalni i adultni život. Njegov obim je mnogo širi od uobičajenog prepoznavanja da stanja tokom trudnoće utiču na zdravlje novorođenčeta, što se potvrđuje kontinuiranim prikupljanjem dokaza iz opservacionih studija, kao i iz eksperimentalnih modela. Ono što hipotezu o fetalnom programiranju čini još težom za potvrdu ili prihvatanje jeste činjenica da je period od momenta dejstva stimulusa do posledica dosta dug, kao i brojni faktori koji mogu menjati ovu povezanost tokom života. Uprkos tome, hipoteze o doprinosu suboptimalnog fetalnog rasta i nutricije povećanom riziku od hroničnih bolesti se održavaju - “pothranjenost” in utero, kao i u ranom detinjstvu, trajno menja fiziologiju i metabolizam, što dovodi do povećane predispozicije za hronične bolesti tokom života (hipertenzija, bolest koronarnih arterija, moždani udar, dijabetes, i druge). Svrha ovog rada jeste pregled postojećih dokaza o povezanosti fetalne ishrane i rizika za hronične bolesti u kasnijem životu.
Temeljan pregled literature i analiza različitih vrsta studija fokusiranih na praćenje neonatusa do adultnog doba radi rasvetljavanja značaja fetalnog programiranja.
Veza između suboptimalnog fetalnog rasta i većeg rizika od metaboličkog sindroma, insulinske rezistencije, dijabetesa tipa 2, hipertenzije, sada je pokazana u nekoliko populacija i uzrasnih grupa.
Na osnovu dokaza koji su predstavljeni, može se zaključiti da fetalno programiranje pronalazi svoj značaj i na putu je na postane treći uzročni faktor nastanka hroničnih bolesti u toku života, zajedno sa genetskom predispozicijom i načinom života.
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