SUOČAVANJE SA NEIZVESNIM I SLOŽENIM SITUACIJAMA: PODRŠKA ZDRAVSTVENIM RADNICIMA U REŠAVANJU IZAZOVA BEZBEDNOSTI PACIJENATA
Sažetak
Pružanje optimalnog kvaliteta zdravstvene zaštite je izazov za zdravstvene stručnjake i zdravstvene sisteme širom sveta. Pacijenti se često oslanjaju na zdravstvene radnike da im pomognu u njihovim zdravstvenim problemima i da pruže najbezbedniju i najbolju moguću zdravstvenu uslugu. Međutim, uprkos najvećim naporima zdravstvenih radnika da pruže visokokvalitetne usluge, neočekivani neželjeni događaji mogu uticati na pacijenta. I pacijentima i zdravstvenim radnicima može biti teško da se nose sa ovim događajima, pogotovo kada oni dovode do teške povrede pacijenta.
Pored fizičkih i psiholoških posledica koje ovi neželjeni događaji mogu ostaviti na pacijentima, zdravstveni radnici takođe mogu biti emocionalno pogođeni. Pružaoci zdravstvenih usluga koji su uključeni u neželjene događaje često se nazivaju sekundarnim žrtvama. Na njih ne utiču samo neželjeni događaji koje pacijent doživljava, već i reakcija koju ti događaji mogu izazvati kod drugih članova zdravstvenog tima, kao i izvan i unutar zdravstvene ustanove.
Neželjeni događaji često imaju sistemski uzrok, što znači da mogu biti rezultat kombinacije organizacionih, kulturnih i faktora sredine.
Iako se obično zdravstveni radnik nadležan za lečenje pacijenata, koji je direktno povezan sa štetom nanetom pacijentu izdvaja kao odgovoran, u većini slučajeva postoji niz događaja i zdravstvenih radnika uključenih u neželjeni događaj. Sledstveno, drugi članovi zdravstvenog tima takođe mogu biti uključeni u događaj, bilo direktno ili indirektno. Ovo može stvoriti osećaj zajedničke odgovornosti među članovima tima i zajednički osećaj gubitka ili krivice kada dođe do neželjenih događaja.
Pružaoci zdravstvenih usluga i ustanove treba da prepoznaju uticaj neželjenih događaja na pacijente i pružaoce usluga. Pružajući podršku i resurse sekundarnim žrtvama, zdravstvene ustanove mogu da pomognu u ublažavanju emocionalnih posledica ovih događaja i da obezbede zdravstvenim radnicima podršku, kako bi oni mogli da nastave da pružaju visokokvalitetnu zdravstvenu uslugu svojim pacijentima.
U ovom radu su navedeni elementi koji su ključni za bolje razumevanje fenomena sekundarne žrtve i principa kulture pravičnosti, u skladu sa preporukama ERNST konzorcijuma.
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