JAVNOZDRAVSTVENI RADNICI: KO SU, ŠTA RADE, ZNAČAJ I IZAZOVI
Sažetak
Bez angažovanja profesionalaca, koji čine javnozdravstvenu radnu snagu odgovornu za upravljanje, koordinaciju i pružanje osnovnih javnozdravstvenih usluga, ne bi mogao biti postignut dramatični napredak javnog zdravlja u 20. veku povezan sa produženjem očekivanog trajanja životnog veka i unapređenjem kvaliteta života, smanjenjem smrtnosti odojčadi i dece, smanjenjem i eliminacijom brojnih zaraznih bolesti. U sisteme javnog zdravlja u zemljama širom sveta, uključujući i Republiku Srbiju, „hronično“ se nedovoljno ulaže, te se isti suočavaju sa poteškoćama da obezbede adekvatan broj i odgovarajuću distribuciju kvalifikovanih javnozdravstvenih radnika. Brojni izazovi u vezi sa javnozdravstvenom radnom snagom mogu se sagledati kroz podelu na: društvene (starenje radnika, niska atraktivnost profesije, nizak moral i motivacija, izazovi zadržavanja), tehnološke (heterogena ponuda obrazovanja i obuke, nedostatak mogućnosti za profesionalni razvoj), ekonomske (nedovoljno finansiranje i niske plate), ekološke (antibiotska rezistencija, zagađenje, bezbednost hrane, klimatske promene, urbanizacija), političke (niska pozicija na listi prioriteta političkih lidera, nedostatak pravnih i zakonskih okvira za razvoj radne snage) i pravne i etičke (nedostatak jasno formulisanog etičkog kodeksa u javnom zdravlju). Za pružanje visokokvalitetnih javnozdravstvenih usluga, smanjenje zdravstvenih nejednakosti i adekvatan odgovor na nove izazove javnog zdravlja neophodno je unapređenje kapaciteta kvalifikovane i kompetentne radne snage kroz dobro razumevanje interesa i potreba javnozdravstvenih radnika, svrsishodno planiranje sukcesije, zapošljavanje i zadržavanje radnika i efikasnije raspolaganje resursima. Sveobuhvatno sagledavanje upravljanja javnozdravstvenim kadrovima, kao i kreiranje strateških i operativnih kadrovskih politika u zdravstvenom sistemu Republike Srbije neophodni su da bi se odgovorilo na zahteve koje donose krizne situacije, kakva je pandemija nove zarazne bolesti.
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