KLINIČKE I SEROLOŠKE ODLIKE JEDANAESTOMESEČNOG ODOJČETA SA PAROKSIZMALNOM HEMOGLOBINURIJOM NA HLADNOĆU
Sažetak
Uvod: Paroksizmalna hemoglobinurija na hladnoću (PHH) je neuobičajen oblik autoimune hemolizne anemije. Specifičan etiološki agens nije utvrđen. Patogeneza bolesti se objašnjava prisustvom „bifaznog hemolizina” ili IgG autoantitela slabog afiniteta koje se u najvećem broju slučajeva vezuje za eritrocitni antigen P, vezujući komponente komplementa do potpune aktivacije kaskade i hemolize eritrocita. Bolest se tipično manifestuje kod dece nakon akutne infekcije, najčešće gornjih respiratornih puteva ili gastroenteritisa.
Prikaz slučaja: Prikazujemo 11-mesečno žensko odojče koje je primljeno u Odeljenje intenzivne nege Instituta zbog povraćanja, anemije, žute prebojenosti kože i sluzokože, tamno crvenog urina i opšte klonulosti. Dva dana pre prijema imala je sekreciju iz nosa. U inicijalnim laboratorijskim rezultatima registrovana je anemija sa hemoglobinom 63 g/L, hematokritom 17, 3%, retikulocitima 1,76% uz leukocitozu, trombocitozu, povišene vrednosti C reaktivnog proteina 75,7 mg/L, laktat dehidrogenaze 5365 ij/L, ukupnog/indirektnog bilirubina 67,9/64,5µmol/L, i snižen haptoglobin. U razmazu periferne krvi nije utvrđeno prisustvo šizocita. Polispecifičan direktan antiglobulinski test (DAT) bio je pozitivan 3+, a monospecifičan DAT C3d 1+. Odojče je lečeno intravenskim imunoglobulinima, transfuzijom jedne doze eritrocita, parenteralnom, dvojnom antimikrobnom terapijom i jednokratnom primenom kortikosteroida uz intravensku hidraciju i korekciju elektrolitnih poremećaja. Desetog dana hospitalizacije, uzeti su uzorci krvi za Donath-Landsteiner-ov (DL) test kojim je dokazano prisustvo „bifaznog hemolizina” i potvrđena dijagnoza PHH.
Zaključak: Kliničko prepoznavanje PHH, tranzitorna priroda „bifaznog hemolizina”, i mogućnost za izvođenje DL testa su faktori od kojih zavisi pravovremena potvrda dijagnoze ovog retkog oblika AIHA.
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