ADAPTACIJE ERITROCITA IZAZVANE FIZIČKIM VEŽBANJEM
Sažetak
Vežbanje značajno povećava protok krvi i perfuziju u aktivnim mišićima kako bi se poboljšalo dopremanje kiseonika i hranljivih materija. Ovakve povišene potrebe za kiseonikom i hranljivim materijama utiču na reološke karakteristike krvi što dovodi do specifičnih adaptacija eritrocita. Na ove adaptacije utiču mnogi faktori kao što su tip, intenzitet, učestalost, trajanje fizičke aktivnosti, kao i individualne karakteristike ispitanika (pol, starost, nutritivni status...).
Ovaj pregledni rad ima za cilj da sveobuhvatno sumira različite adaptacije eritrocita na kratkoročno i dugoročno vežbanje, kao i mehanizme njihovog nastanka, uzimajući u obzir uticaj različitih faktora.
Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da redovno vežbanje poboljšava metaboličke, strukturne i funkcionalne karakteristike eritrocita. Ove adaptacije pozitivno utiču na energetsku homeostazu, obnavljanje (engl. cell turnover) i životni vek eritrocita u cirkulaciji, povećanu stabilnost, fluidnost i deformabilnost membrane, kao i bolje antioksidativne karakteristike eritrocita. Uprkos potencijalnim rizicima poput „sportske anemije“, vežbanje takođe utiče na dinamiku koncentracije hemoglobina i gvožđa, kao i pojavu ekstracelularnog hemoglobina. Generalno, literaturni podaci naglašavaju kritičnu ulogu vežbanja u održavanju optimalne funkcije eritrocita, poboljšanju cirkulacije i sveopšteg zdravlja, nudeći potencijalne terapeutske prednosti.
Kroz kritički prikaz literaturnih podataka o uticaju vežbanja na karakteristike i funkcije eritrocita, ovaj pregledni rad može i biti korisna smernica za tumačenje klinički značajnih rezultata kod fizički aktivnih pojedinaca.
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