JAVNO ZDRAVSTVENI ASPEKTI – ZLOUPOTREBE I NEADEKVATNO KORIŠĆENJE ANTIBIOTIKA
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj: Antibiotici od svog otkrića predstavljaju ključnu odbranu od bakterijskih infekcija, ali sve veći broj sojeva razvija otpornost putem spontanih genetskih mutacija i sticanja gena rezistencije, što se dodatno podstiče njihovom nepravilnom i učestalom upotrebom. Ovaj pregled literature obuhvata radove objavljene od 2010. do 2024. godine i analizira četiri ključne oblasti: zloupotrebu i neadekvatnu primenu antibiotika, razvoj superbakterija, globalne aspekte antimikrobne rezistencije (AMR) i preventivne strategije sa naglaskom na ulogu vitamina. Cilj ovog pregleda je da prikaže dokaze o zloupotrebi antibiotika, razvoju rezistencije i preventivnim strategijama, sa posebnim osvrtom na značaj vitamina u očuvanju imuniteta i unapređenju rada zdravstvenih sistema.
Metode: U pregled literature uključeni su radovi objavljeni u periodu od 2010. do 2024. godine, sa fokusom na analizu nepravilne upotrebe antibiotika, razvoj superbakterija, globalni uticaj AMR-a i ulogu vitamina u preventivnim strategijama.
Rezultati: Rezultati pokazuju da su najčešći uzroci neadekvatne terapije samoinicijativno uzimanje lekova, propisivanje bez mikrobiološke potvrde i loša komunikacija između lekara i pacijenta. AMR je prepoznat kao jedna od najvećih pretnji javnom zdravlju, sa značajnim posledicama po morbiditet, mortalitet i troškove zdravstvenog sistema. Preventivne mere obuhvataju edukaciju zdravstvenih radnika i stanovništva, regulisanje prodaje antibiotika, razvoj novih dijagnostičkih i terapijskih metoda, kao i promociju zdravih navika. Poseban značaj imaju vitamini sa antioksidativnim svojstvima (retinol, tokoferol i L-askorbinska kiselina), koji mogu smanjiti potrebu za antibioticima, posebno uz doprinos vitamina D, za koji je poznato da stimuliše imuni sistem.
Zaključak: Integrisani pristup, u skladu sa konceptom One Health, ključan je za očuvanje efikasnosti postojećih lekova i smanjenje javnozdravstvenog opterećenja uzrokovanog AMR-om.
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