PREVENCIJA I PRISTUP REŠAVANJU PROBLEMA KOLEBLJIVOSTI PREMA VAKCINACIJI
Vaccine Hesitancy
Sažetak
Kolebljivost prema vakcinaciji odnosi se na odlaganje prihvatanja ili odbijanje vakcina uprkos dostupnosti usluga vakcinacije. Kvalitetno sprovedene studije i klinička ispitivanja koja se razmatraju u ovom radu podržavaju metode kako za prevenciju, tako i za pristup rešavanju problema kolebljivosti prema vakcinaciji. Kliničari bi trebalo da znaju koje su vakcine predviđene za njihove pacijente i da svaki kontakt iskoriste za bavljenje ovim pitanjem. Istraživanja pokazuju da preporuke zdravstvenih radnika povećavaju obuhvat vakcinacijom. Preporuke koje pacijenti doživljavaju kao snažnije imaju jači efekat u povećanju prihvatanja vakcina. Formulisanje preporuka u vidu podrazumevanih pretpostavki pokazalo se efikasnijim nego predstavljanje vakcine razgovorno, kao jedne od opcija za pacijenta. Kada pacijent na snažnu preporuku odgovori kolebanjem, lekar bi trebalo da pacijenta motiviše putem motivacionog razgovora, po mogućstvu primenom procesa poznatog kao „Četiri P“ (engl. four A’s), koji se sastoji iz četiri koraka.
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