UČESTALOST METABOLIČKIH POREMEĆAJA I HIPERTENZIJE KOD ŽENA PRE MENOPAUZE I U MENOPAUZI

Sonja Smiljić; Srna Šapić; Vojkan Nestorović; Zvezdan Milanović; Mirjana  Dejanović; Andrijana Karanović

doi:10.5937/smclk7-64151

Sonja Smiljić Institut za fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet Kosovska Mitrovica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-9461
Srna Šapić Medicinski fakultet u Beogradu
Vojkan Nestorović Institut za fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet u Kosovskoj Mitrovici https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0751-8163
Zvezdan Milanović Institut za fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet u Kosovskoj Mitrovici
Mirjana Dejanović Institut za fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet u Kosovskoj Mitrovici https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-677X
Andrijana Karanović Institut za fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet u Kosovskoj Mitrovici

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/smclk7-64151

Ključne reči: menopauza, hipertenzija, kardiometabolički poremećaj

Sažetak

Uvod/Cilj: Kardiometaboličke bolesti, uključujući diabetes mellitus tip 2 i hipertenziju, među vodećim su uzrocima morbiditeta i mortaliteta u Srbiji. U mlađem životnom dobu prevalenca kardiometaboličkih bolesti veća je kod muškaraca nego kod žena, ali ova prednost postepeno nestaje sa starenjem, posebno u menopauzi, i tada su žene pod većim kardiovaskularnim rizikom.

Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je da ukažemo na učestalost nepromenljivih i promenljivih faktora rizika i njihovu povezanost sa metaboličkim poremećajima i hipertenzijom kod žena pre menopauze i u menopauzi.

Metod: U ispitivanje je bilo uključeno 200 sredovečnih žena: 131 (65,5%) u perimenopauzi, koje su imale tipične znake perimenopauze duže od 6 meseci, i 69 (34,5%) žena u menopauzi, sa odsustvom ciklusa dužim od 12 meseci, starosti između 50 i 59 godina. Pacijentkinje su se javile lekaru na redovan preventivni pregled tokom decembra 2024. godine.

Rezultati: Hipertenzija je statistički značajno učestalija kod žena u menopauzi (84,1%), u odnosu na žene pre menopauze (p < 0,001). Žene u menopauzi su značajno češće imale metaboličke poremećaje, povećanu telesnu masu i gojaznost, i to kod 66,7% ispitanica, kao i veći obim struka kod 63,8% ispitanica (p = 0,003). Nivoi ukupnog holesterola, LDL-holesterola i triglicerida su bili statistički značajno viši kod žena u menopauzi u odnosu na žene pre menopauze (p = 0,002). Diabetes mellitus je statistički značajno učestaliji kod žena u menopauzi, gde je zastupljen kod 27% žena (p = 0,002). Učestalost hipotireoze je statistički značajno veća kod žena pre menopauze (14,7%) u odnosu na žene u menopauzi (4,3%) (hi-kvadrat = 4,905; p = 0,027). Ove dve grupe ispitanica nisu se značajno razlikovale u odnosu na zanimanje, porodični status i faktore rizika, kao što su sedentarne navike, navika pušenja cigareta i porodično opterećenje za oboljevanje od HTA.

Zaključak: Žene u menopauzi su značajno češće imale hipertenziju, gojaznost, dislipidemiju i diabetes melitus 2. Zato su neophodni preventivni pregledi žena u perimenopauzi i menopauzi kako bi se pravovremeni prepoznali i lečili kardiometabolički poremećaji i time sprečile teže kardiovaskularne bolesti.

Biografija autora

Sonja Smiljić, Institut za fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet Kosovska Mitrovica

Srbija

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