BIOPSIHOSOCIJALNI I PSIHIJATRIJSKI ASPEKTI NEVERSTVA
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj: Neverstvo predstavlja kompleksan biopsihosocijalni fenomen sa značajnim implikacijama na individualnom, partnerskom i porodičnom nivou. Iako se često posmatra kroz moralnu, kulturološku ili društvenu prizmu, savremena istraživanja ukazuju na međudejstvo bioloških, psiholoških i socijalnih faktora u njegovoj etiologiji. Neverstvo je povezano sa poremećajima privrženosti, impulsivnošću, hormonskim i neurobiološkim uticajima, traumatskim iskustvima, poremećajima ličnosti i različitim oblicima zavisničkog ponašanja. Posledice mogu da se ogledaju u ozbiljnim poremećajima mentalnog zdravlja, kao i u destabilizaciji partnerskog i porodičnog sistema. Cilj rada je da se izvrši analiza biopsihosocijalnih i psihijatrijskih aspekata neverstva u partnerskim i porodičnim odnosima, kao i sagledavanje njegovih etioloških faktora, kliničkih manifestacija i posledica po mentalno zdravlje pojedinca, partnersku dinamiku i porodično funkcionisanje.
Materijal i metode: Rad predstavlja narativni pregled relevantne domaće i međunarodne literature iz oblasti psihijatrije, kliničke psihologije, porodične terapije, evolucione psihologije i neurobiologije. Analizirani su radovi koji se bave genetskim predispozicijama, hormonskim i neurotransmiterskim mehanizmima, obrascima privrženosti, karakteristikama ličnosti, sociokulturnim determinantama i psihijatrijskim posledicama neverstva.
Rezultati: Pokazalo se da je neverstvo multifaktorijalni fenomen. Biološki faktori uključuju: genetske varijacije, hormonske i neurotransmiterske uticaje i aktivaciju moždanog nagradnog sistema povezanog sa dopaminergičkim putevima. Psihološki faktori obuhvataju: nesigurne stilove privrženosti, traženje senzacija, narcističke i granične crte ličnosti, traumatska iskustva iz detinjstva i poremećaje kontrole impulsa. Socijalni faktori uključuju: kulturne norme, profesionalno okruženje, te savremene modele partnerskih odnosa. Posledice neverstva mogu da uključuju: depresiju, anksioznost, posttraumatski stresni poremećaj, suicidalne ideje, porodično nasilje, probleme zavisnosti, kao i dugotrajno narušavanje poverenja i intimnosti.
Zaključak: Neverstvo nije isključivo moralno ili socijalno pitanje, već složen klinički i društveni fenomen sa značajnim implikacijama po mentalno zdravlje i stabilnost partnerskih i porodičnih odnosa. Razumevanje biopsihosocijalnih mehanizama omogućava adekvatniji psihijatrijski i psihoterapijski pristup, usmeren ka transformaciji individualnog i partnerskog funkcionisanja kroz razvoj samosvesti, odgovornosti i rezilijentnosti.
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