Uloga društva u hronifikaciji traume: ishodi ratnih iskustava u Srbiji
Sažetak
Uvod: Posledice ratova ogledaju se na individualnom, porodičnom i kolektivnom planu.
Cilj: Uočiti društvene mehanizme koji oblikuju hroničan tok posttraumatskih reakcija i predložiti preventivne mere i terapijske postupke.
Metoda: Pregled publikacija o ishodima ratnih iskustava kod vojnika, zarobljenika, izbeglica i civila u Srbiji nakon ratova na tlu bivše SFRJ i bombardovanja SRJ.
Rezultati: Izostanak društvene integracije žrtava rata pokreće hronifikaciju posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja, porast nasilja i depresije.
Zaključak: Socijalna reparacija može prevenirati komplikovanje posttraumatskog poremećaja, a razni oblici grupne psihoterapije su lek izbora za ovakva stanja.
Ključne reči: posleratno društvo, rat, psihološka trauma, socijalna izolacija, posttraumatski stresni poremećaj, grupna psihoterapija
Reference
Akhtar, S. (1995). A third individuation: Immigration, identity, and the psychoanalytic process. JAPA, 43 (4), 1051-1084. https://doi.org/10.1177/000306519504300406
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed. 4. Washington.: American Psychiatric Association
Basoglu, M. et al. (2007). Torture vs Other Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment: Is the Distinction Real or Apparent? Archives of General Psychiatry 64(3), 277 -285. DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.277
Bion,W. (1961). Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock Publications.
Brown S. (1994). The Causes and Prevention of War. 2nd Edition. New York : St. Martin`s Press,
Crocq, M.(2000). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience 2 (1)
Čabarkapa, M. M. (2004). Most frequent syndromes at soldiers in the war. Vojnosanitetetski Pregled 61(6), 675-682. doi:10.2298/VSP0406675C [In Serbian].
Čavić, T. (1999). Specific psychosocial problems of refugees in collective accommodation. Master thesis. Beograd. [In Serbian].
Čavić, T. (2001). On exile, psychosocial aspects. Beograd: Zadužbina Andrejević. [In Serbian].
Čavić, T. (2002). Cognitive restructuring with psychotraumatized refugees. Doctoral thesis. Beograd: Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu. [In Serbian].
Čavić, T. (2012). Trauma and psychotherapy. Beograd: Zadužbina Andrejević [In Serbian].
Freud S. (1921). Psychoanalysis and the war neuroses (The International Psychoanalytic Library No 2). London: International Psychoanalytic Press.
Gavrilović, J. et al. (2003). Coping strategies in civilians during air attacks. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 38 (3), 128-133. DOI 10.1007/s00127-003-0612-9
Herman, J.L. (1992). Trauma and recovery. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hughes, R. (1993). Culture of Complaint: The Fraying of America. New York : Oxford University Press.
Janet, P. (1889). Psychological automatism. Paris: Balliere. [In French].
Jović, V., Opačić, G., Špeh-Vujadinović, S. and Vidaković, I. (2005). Refugees and Mental Health–Implications for the Process of Repatraition and Integration. In G. Opačić, I. Vidaković, B. Vujadinović (eds) Living in Post-war Communities, 147-179. Beograd:
IAN International Aid Network
Kecmanović, D. (2000). Violence of our everyday life. Beograd: Svet knjige [In Serbian].
Kobasa, S.C., Puccetti, M.C. (1983). Personality and social resources in stress resistance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45(4), 839-850.
Korać Mandić, D. et al. (2006). Integration as a long-term solution for refugees and displaced persons in Serbia. Analytical report. Novi Sad:Srpski savet za izbeglice[In Serbian].
Janković, J. et al (2011). Reasons for Not Receiving Treatment in People With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following War. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199 (2), 100-105. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3182083db5.
Lečić-Toševski, D., Pejović-Milovančević, M. (2006). Stressful life events and physical health. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19 (2), 184-189. DOI: 10.1097/01.yco.0000214346.44625.57
Lystad, M. (1988). Mental health response to mass emergencies. Brunner/Mazel psychosocial stress series, No. 12. Theory and practice. Philadelphia, PA, US: Brunner/Mazel.
Mandić-Gajić, G. and Špirić, Ž. (2016). Posttraumatic stress disorder and art group therapy: self-expression of traumatic inner world of war veterans. Vojnosanitetski Pregled 73(8): 757–763 doi:10.2298/VSP150512083M
Marković-Savić, O. (2012). The position of war veterans in Serbia- Case study. Doctoral thesis. Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet [In Serbian].
McFarlane, A. C. (1988). The aethiology of posttraumatic morbidity: Predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 221-228.
Milenković, T. et al. (2010). The impact of social support on a severity of Posttraumatic stress disorder. Acta Medica Medianae 49(4), 31-35.
Milosavljević, M. (2011). Assement of the risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder at the war veterans in ex-Yugoslavia. Psychiatry today 43(2), 141-153.
Mitchell, J.T. Everly, G.S.Jr. (2000). Critical incident stress management and critical incident stress debriefings: Evolutions, effects and outcomes. In B. Raphael & J. P. Wilson (Eds.), Psychological debriefing: Theory, practice and evidence (pp. 71-90). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511570148.006
Pejović, M., Čavić, T. (2000). The most common psychopathological entities of refugees. The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 15, Suppl, 437s.
Quarantelli, E. L. (1985). Social support systems: some behavioral patterns in the context of mass evacuation acivities. University of Delaware Disaster Research Center. Article 178.
Raphael, B. (1986). When disaster strikes: A handbook for the caring professions. Ajw Taylor, 27.
Samardžić, R. and Špirić, Ž. (2005). Predictive factors of psychosomatic reactions during air raids. Vojnosanitetski Pregled vol. 62 (2): 113-117. doi:10.2298/VSP0502113S [In Serbian].
Špirić, Ž., Opačić, G., Jović, V. and Samardžić R. (2010). Gender differences in victims of war torture: Types of torture and psychological consequences. Vojnosanitetski Pregled 67(5): 411-418. doi:10.2298/VSP1005411S [In Serbian].
Špirić, Ž., Knežević, G,. Jović, V. and Opačić, G. (2004). Torture in war: consequences and rehabilitation of victims: Yugoslav experience. Belgrade: International Aid Network. [In Serbian].
Van der Kolk, B.A, Perry, J.C, Herman, J.L. (1991). Childhood origins of self-destructive behavior. American journal of Psychiatry. 148(12), 1665-1671 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.148.12.1665
Van der Kolk, B.A. McFarlane, A.C, Weisaeth, L. (eds, 1996). Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body and Society. New York : Guilford.
WHO, (1990). ICD-10, Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: WHO Division of Mental Health.
Wilson, Raphael (1993). International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. New York, London.: Plenum Press.