Kako protiv stigme i autostigme osoba sa dijagnozom psihoze: prikaz tretmana psihotičnih poremećaja u dva društvena konteksta
Sažetak
U ovom radu, bavimo se prikazom mogućnosti primene psihodramske metode u radu sa stigmatizovanom grupom osoba sa psihotičnim poremećajem. I pored brojnih dostignuća u oblasti faramcije i psihoterapije, istina je da u zapadnom svetu i danas opstaje izrazita stigma i diskriminacija psihijatrijskih pacijenata. Naše istraživačko pitanje bilo je da li ishod može biti drugačiji, ukoliko se tretman obolelih izvodi na način različit od onog koji je uobičajen u zapadnoj psihijatrijskoj praksi? Da bismo odgovorili na ovo pitanje, opisali smo način tretiranja i ishode lečenja obolelih od psihoza u Africi, a potom smo prikazali na koji način se u psihodrami postiže smanjenje stigme i autostigme. Teorijska osnova za to je Morenova teorija uloga kao i različita teorijska stanovišta o mogućnostima psihoterapije psihoza. Pokazalo se da je ovaj tretman izvođen u „koracima” vodi učenju novih i adekvatnijih obrazaca ponašanja, sticanju do tada nepraktikovanih socijalnih uloga i konačno porastu samopoštovanja, slično kao i afrička psihoterapija. Konačan ishod i jednog i drugoh pristupa koji međusobno nalikuju po ritualima koje koriste i dozvolama koje daju pacijentima da budu autentični u svojoj bolesti – bez nametanja „normalnosti” sa ekspertskih pozicija, nizak su nivo relapsa, visoka socijalna funkcionalnost te niska samostigmatizacija. Može se zaključiti da se kroz sagledavanje značaja socijalno-psiholoških, socioloških ali i socio-kulturoloških aspekata mentalnih poremećaja u značajnoj meri može doprineti smanjenju diskriminacije i stigmatizacije mentalno obolelih ljudi.
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