COVID-19 i društveno-ekonomski izazovi sa kojima su suočena domaćinstva u ruralnim područjima tokom izolovanosti: iz perspektive okruga Vembe u Južnoj Africi

  • Išmael Obaeko Ivara Univerzitet u Vendi, Institut za ruralni razvoj, Tohojandu (Južnoafrička Republika)
  • Fait Musvipva Univerzitet u Vendi, Departman za sociologiju, Tohojandu (Južnoafrička Republika)
  • Kinsli Ekene Amaeči Univerzitet u Vendi, Centar za afričke studije, Tohojandu (Južnoafrička Republika)
  • Rejmond Raselekoane Univerzitet u Vendi, Departman za omladinu i rodna pitanja, Tohojandu (Južnoafrička Republika)
Ključne reči: izazovi, COVID-19, ekonomija domaćinstva, izolacija, ruralna područja

Sažetak


Nacionalni odgovori na pandemiju COVID-19 razlikuju se od države do države. U Južnoj Africi, ovaj odgovor obuhvatio je zakonom uvedeno vanredno stanje u trajanju od 21 dan koje, između ostalog, zahteva ograničenja društvenih i ekonomskih aktivnosti. Ovo je najverovatnije pomoglo zemlji da spreči dalje širenje virusa, pogotovo u gradovima, neformalnim naseljima i ruralnim zajednicama, gde je često teško doći do zdravstvenih ustanova. Međutim, izolacija je takođe izložila domaćinstva nepredviđenim izazovima. Ovaj rad istražuje te izazove s ciljem da pruži mere politike koje će domaćinstvima pomoći tokom izolacije. Studenti koji žive u ruralnim domaćinstvima smišljeno su uzeti kao uzorak kako bi se dobili elektronski podaci od glava domaćinstava u okrugu Vembe. Primenjujući kvalitativni metod u analizi podataka sakupljenih iz 82 domaćinstva, utvrđeno je pet glavnih problema koji se odnose na dostupnost osnovnih potreba poput namirnica, pri čemu su među tim izazovima bila pitanja vode i zdravstvenih usluga. Situacija u domaćinstvima je dodatno pogoršana „ograničenim izvorom prihoda” usled smanjivanja troškova i zatvaranja malih preduzeća. „Depresija i frustriranost” proistekle iz straha od zaraze virusom, supružničko zlostavljanje, nemogućnost ispunjavanja kućnih obaveza, porodične svađe, kao i dosada izazvana ograničenim kretanjem takođe čine sastavni deo ovih izazova. Nedostatak neophodnih informacija o virusu i „krađa” su sledeća dva izazova. Na osnovu ovih nalaza, rad preporučuje temeljno razmatranje prepoznatih izazova pre uvođenja izolacije. Takođe se predlaže dodatno poboljšanje u oblasti obezbeđivanja usluga u ruralnim zajednicama.

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