Tranzicija, radnički protesti i blokade javnih prostora u Srbiji
Sažetak
Predmet ovog rada su radnički protesti i blokade javnih prostora u Srbiji u poslednjih 20 godina. Sociološki su analizirani, opisani i objašnjeni njihovi najvažniji uzroci i povodi, način organizovanja i efikasnost. Dešavali su se u „talasima”. Prvi je započeo ubrzanjem privatizacije (2004. i 2005. godine), drugi njenim produbljivanjem (2009. i 2010), a treći se poklopio sa završetkom privatizacije i intenziviranjem globalne ekonomske krize (2014–2019). Glavna hipoteza je da su radnički protesti i blokade sistematski determinisani. Najvažnija je priroda društvenog sistema, tj. primenjeni koncept tranzicije i privatizacije. Individualni i lokalni faktori (uzroci) su manje značajni. Radnički protesti i blokade su bili manje efikasni na kraju nego na početku ubrzane tranzicije i privatizacije.
Reference
After the blockade of the railway: Agreement between workers and owners of “Prvi maj”. (2009). Sindikalni poverenik, 65 (357–358), 28. 12. 2009, p.19. [In Serbian]
A new page of capitalism opened in Kursumlija. (August 12, 2004). Kurir. Available at https://www.icbbg.rs/ser/arhiva.php?godina=2004&ID=292 [In Serbian]
Apostolovski, A. (January 01, 2010). Red January in the „devil’s town“. Politika. Available at http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/120165/Crveni-januar-u-davoljoj-varosi#! [In Serbian]
Arandarenko, M., Krstić, G., Žarković-Rakić, J. (2017). Income inequality in Serbia. From data to politics. Beograd: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. Preuzeto sa https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/belgrad/13936.pdf [In Serbian]
Bailović, V. et al. (Ur.), Deindustrialization and workers’ resistance: Struggles and initiatives to preserve jobs in transition. Beograd: Pokret za slobodu. In Serbian]
Bakračević, S. (April 24, 2009). The striker cut off half his finger. Politika. Available at http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/84434/Politika/Strajkac-odsekao-pola-prsta In Serbian]
Bečki, R. (November 13, 2019). Resolving the crisis in the wagon factory in Kraljevo. RTS. Available at https://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/57/srbija-danas/3736143/razresenje-krize-u-fabrici-vagona-u-kraljevu.html [In Serbian]
Begović, B., Živković B. i Mijatović B. (2000). A new model of privatization in Serbia. Beograd: Centar za liberalno-demokratske studije. Available at http://www.clds.rs/newsite/Novi%20model%20privatizacije.pdf [In Serbian]
Blaževski, M. (July 27, 2004). The government has said it will not succumb to increasing pressure in the form of traffic blocks: Money for neither debt nor salaries. Blic. Available at
Brkić, M. (August 25, 2005). Who will feed us - Miskovic or Radulovic, Vreme. Available at https://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=425938 [In Serbian]
Ćirović, G. (April 02, 2012). Kraljevo: Workers of the wagon factory are on strike. Novosti. Available at https://www.novosti.rs/vesti/srbija.73.html:373624-Kraljevo-Radnici-fabrike-vagona-u-strajku [In Serbian]
Drašković, B. (2014). The collapse of the industrial sector in Serbia. Are there any chances for reindustrialization. In B. Drašković (Ed.). Deindustrialization in Serbia. Possibilities of revitalization of the industrial sector. (pp.107–133). Institut ekonomskih nauka, Beogradska bankarska akademija, Fakultet za finansije i bankarstvo. [In Serbian]
During the “Gosa” protest in front of the government, the executors seized the factory’s property. (August 23, 2017). Nova ekonomija. Available at https://novaekonomija.rs/vesti-iz-zemlje/tokom-protesta-radnika-go%C5%A1e-ispred-vlade-izvr%C5%A1itelji-plenili-imovinu-fabrike [In Serbian]
Dušanić, J. (2013). ). Neoliberalizam, tranzicija i kriza. Beograd: Beogradska poslovna škola. [In Serbian]
Djordjevic claims that he is not in charge: I did not talk to Gosa’s workers, because that factory is privately owned. (August 22, 2017). Kurir. Available at https://www.kurir.rs/vesti/drustvo/2899141/djordjevic-tvrdi-da-nije-nadlezan-nisam-razgovarao-sa-radnicima-gose-jer-je-ta-fabrika-u-privatnom-vlasnistvu [In Serbian]
Fagram workers blocked the metal bridge yesterday. (February 03, 2004). Glas javnosti. Available at http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/02/03/srpski/D04020204.shtml [In Serbian]
Gosa workers are dissatisfied with the negotiations, they are owed more than 20 salaries. (July 06, 2017). RTS. Available at https://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/drustvo/2794539/radnici-gose-nezadovoljni-pregovorima-duguje-im-se-vise-od-20-plata.html [In Serbian]
Gucijan, S. (November 26, 2009). By blocking Belgrade to free studies. Politika. Available at http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/113523/Blokadom-Beograda-do-besplatnih-studija [In Serbian]
Gunsmiths without insurance. (February 21, 2012). Politika. Available at http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/209206/Ekonomija/Oruzari-bez-osiguranja [In Serbian]
Halko hammered a nail into his hand a second time.(February 01, 2011). RTV. Available at http://www.rtv.rs/sr_lat/drustvo/halko-zakucao-ekser-u-ruku-drugi-put_236683.html [In Serbian]
History of the “C market”: “Contract economy” of Kostunica and the tycoon. Available at https://www.cins.rs/istorija-c-marketa-dogovorna-ekonomija-kostunice-i-tajkuna/ [In Serbian]
Jovanović, N. (December, 2009). The face of humiliated Serbia. Pečat, pp. 8-11. [In Serbian]
Jovičić, S. ( February 10, 2004). Workers of the Zrenjanin sugar factory continued the strike. They offer state ownership. Glas javnosti. Available at http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/02/10/srpski/E04020902.shtml [In Serbian]
Karanović, P. ( September 03, 2009). Na licu mesta. Pomoć kojoj se u zube ne gleda. Vreme. Available at https://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=884259[In Serbian]
Knezević: Until the owner arrives, negotiations “cat in the bag”. (August 28, 2017). Politika. Available at http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/387780/Ekonomija/Knezevic-Dok-nedode-vlasnik-pregovori-macka-u-dzaku [In Serbian]
Kovačević, M. (2012). Neoliberalism in Serbia - rise and fall (3). Balkazinmagan. net. Available at https://www.srbijadanas.net/neoliberalizam-u-srbiji-uspon-i-pad-3/ [In Serbian]
Kragujevac gunmen ended the strike in Belgrade. They handed over a letter to the office of the Assembly that they would not privatize Zastava Oruzja. (October 05, 2018). Kurir. Available at https://www.kurir.rs/vesti/drustvo/3046575/kragujevacki-oruzari-stigli-u-beograd-protestuju-ispred-skupstine-srbije [In Serbian]
Krkobabić, J. (2008). Transition and expressed impotence of the union. Pančevo. [In Serbian]
Linking work experience. (2005). Sindikalni poverenik, 61 (323–324), 31. 03. 2005, p.15. [In Serbian]
Luković, M. (November 10, 2009). Workers of “Planum” blocked the bypass for an hour. Politika. Available at http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/111319/Radnici-Planuma-blokirali-obilaznicu [In Serbian]
Marinković, D. (1999). Strike in “Zastava namenska” Kragujevac, August 19-28. October 1996, str. 391–421, In Z. Stojiljković (Ed.). The role of trade unions in transition: The case of Serbia. (pp. 391–421). Beograd: Centar za proučavanje Alternativa - UGS Nezavisnost.
Milošević, O. (April 05, 2017). “Gosa” sold to a Cypriot company. Politikа. Available at http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/377702/Gosa-prodata-kiparskoj-firmi) [In Serbian]
Ministry: Stop the protests. (February 11, 2014). B 92. Available at https://www.b92.net/biz/ vesti/srbija.php?yyyy=2014&mm=02&dd=11&nav_id=811028 [In Serbian]
New protest of Wagon Factory workers. (January 14, 2014). B92. Available at https://www.b92.net/biz/komentari.php?nav_id=799689 [In Serbian]
Novaković, N. (2007). The decline of the working class. Beograd: Rad-Institut društvenih nauka. [In Serbian]
Novaković, N. (2009а). Strikes and protests in Serbia (I): Old and new “martyrs”. Sindikalni poverenik, 65 (355–356), 30.11. 2009, pp. 35–36. [In Serbian]
Novaković, N. (2009b). Strikes and protests in Serbia (II): “Lawyers - new strikers”. Sindikalni poverenik, 65 (357–358), 28. 12. 2009, pp. 47–49. [In Serbian]
Novaković, N. (2013). Strikes, unions and privatization in Serbia. Sociološki pregled, 47 (1), 23-52. DOI: 10.5937/socpreg1301023N [In Serbian]
Novaković, N. (2014). Women, transition and strikes in Serbia. Zbornik Filozofskog fakulteta u Prištini-Kosovska Mitrovica, 44 (2), 47-67. DOI:10.5937/ZRFFP44-6284 [In Serbian]
Novaković, N. (2015). Crisis, strikes and protests of citizens. Nacionalni interes, god. 11 (1), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.22182/ni.2212015.4 [In Serbian]
Novaković, N. (2016). Deindustrialization and the working class of Serbia. Zbornik Matice srpske za društvene nauke, 47 (159–160), 735–753. DOI: 10.2298/ZMSDN1660735N [In Serbian]
Novaković, N. (2017). Workers’ strikes and transition in Serbia from 1990 to 2015. Beograd: Institut društvenih nauka, Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung Southeast Europe. [In Serbian]
Novaković, N. (2019). „Sociology and Workers’ Strikes in Serbia in the 21.Century“. In J. S. Petrović, Vesna D. Miltojević, Irina V. Trotsuk (eds) Sociology in XXI Century: Challenges and Perspectives (283–293). Niš: University of NIš - Faculty of Philosophy; Beograd: Serbian Sociological Association [In Serbian]
Obradović, M. (2017). Chronicle of the transitional cemetery. Privatization of social capital in Serbia 1989–2012. Beograd: Nova srpska politička misao, Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije. [In Serbian]
Petrović, J. (2005а). (July 09, 2005). Pancevo Refinery blocked since yesterday: Private individuals already without fuel. Politika, p. 3. [In Serbian]
Petrović, J. (2005б).(April 10,2005). Fuel only for priorities. Politika, p. 1. [In Serbian]
Pokret za slobodu (November 1-30, 2009). New labor movement in Serbia. Republika. Available at http://www.republika.co.rs/464-465/09.html [In Serbian]
Popov, N. (ed.). (2011). Workplace under the sun: Workers’ struggles in Serbia. Second edition. Beograd: Službeni glasnik - Zrenjanin: Res publika, Luxol farmacija d.o.o. [In Serbian]
Preradović, N. S. (2019). Poverty suffocates Serbia: Average salary leaves sleep. Vesti online, 28. 07. 2019. Available at www.vesti-online.com › siromastvo-gusi-srbiju-prosecna-plata-pusti-san [In Serbian]
Protests of Jugoremedija workers . (June 25, 2004). B 92. Available at https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2004&mm=06&dd=25&nav_category=9&nav_id=144382&version=amp [In Serbian]
Protest of Jugoremedija workers. (Jule 16, 2004). B92. Available at https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2004&mm=07&dd=16&nav_category=9&nav_id=145979 [In Serbian]
Protest of sugar factory workers. (2004). Sndikalni pregled br.22, 02.12. Kontrapunkt. [In Serbian]
Protest workers Flag cars . (December 28, 2010). Novosti. Available at https://www.novosti.rs/vesti/naslovna/drustvo/aktuelno.290.html:313125-Protest-radnika-Zastave-automobili [In Serbian]
Protest in the Uzice company Fasau. (2004). Sindikalni pregled, br. 22. Kontrapunkt. [In Serbian]
Rabrenović, J. (April 30, 2004). As he becomes the king of sugar. B92. Available at https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/pregled_stampe.php?yyyy=2004&mm=04&dd=30&nav_id=139531 [In Serbian]
Reljanović, M. (August 30, 2017). Serbia is Gosa. Peščanik. Available at https://pescanik.net/srbija-je-gosa/ [In Serbian]
Republic of Serbia, Public debt of Administration, (2019). Debt Statistics- November 2019. Available at http://www.javnidug.gov.rs/upload/Stanje%20i%20struktura/2019/novembar%202019/Debt%20report%20-%20ENG%20-%20novembar.pdf [In Serbian]
Savet za borbu protiv korupcije (SBPK). Download C market-chronology. Available at http://www.antikorupcija-savet.gov.rs/Storage/Global/Documents/C%20market%20hronologija%20org%20(1).pdf [In Serbian]
Savić, Lj.(2014, New industrialization strategy as a basis for Serbia’s rapid recovery. In B. Drašković (Ed.) Possibilities of revitalization of the industrial sector (pp. 46–60). Beograd: Institut ekonomskih nauka, Beogradska bankarska akademija, Fakultet za finansije i bankarstvo. [In Serbian]
Scandal! The hungry strikers of Gosa kissed the door of the Government of Serbia: at least the cleaning lady listened to us! (August 23, 2017). Kurir. Available at https://www.kurir.rs/vesti/drustvo/2899301/bruka-gladni-strajkaci-iz-gose-poljubili-vrata-vlade-srbije-bar-da-nas-je-cistacica-saslusala [In Serbian]
Serbian Ministry of Justice: Roadblock is not a strike.(July 03, 2004). Politika, p. EK 3. [In Serbian]
Spalović, D. (February 10, 2010). Taxi drivers will block the capital after all. Politika. Available at http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/123172/Beograd/Taksisti-ce-ipak-blokirati-prestonicu [In Serbian]
Srećković, M. (2011). The meaning of the fight for the factory and workers’ rights: the experience of ‘Ravanica’ from Cuprija. In Bailović, V. et al. (Ed.). Deindustrialization and workers’ resistance: Struggles and initiatives to preserve jobs in transition. (pp. 139–141). Beograd: Pokret za slobodu. [In Serbian]
SSSS. (2015). Excerpt from the Report on the work of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Serbia between the 14th and 15th Congress. Beograd. [In Serbian]
Stalno radno telo Socijalno-ekonomskog saveta za ekonomska pitanja. (2011). Effects of privatization in Serbia. Beograd: Socijano-ekonomski savet Republike Srbije. In Serbian]
Stanković, R. (October 15, 2009). The strikers are demanding the nationalization of “Trajal”. Politika. Available at http://www.politika.co.rs/sr/clanak/107885/Ekonomija/Strajkaci-traze-podrzavljenje-Trajala#! [In Serbian]
Stevanović, K. (February 27, 2019). Jugoremedija: How “redundant people” became workers. BBC. Available at https://www.bbc.com/serbian/lat/srbija-47375337 [In Serbian]
Stojić, J. (February 20, 2004). Dissatisfaction in Valjevo: Krusik workers and taxi drivers went on strike. Politika.p. B3. [In Serbian]
Surla, S. (December 17, 2012). Former workers of the sugar factory from Zrenjanin are demanding 39 salaries from the state. Blic. Available at https://www.blic.rs/vesti/vojvodina/bivsi-radnici-fabrike-secera-u-zrenjaninu-od-drzave-potrazuju-39-plata/gt25907 [In Serbian]
Šljukić, M. (2018). Factory: Industry in post-socialist Serbia. Novo Miloševo: Banatski kulturni centar. [In Serbian]
Šljukić, M., Šljukić, S. (2019). Conflicts in industrial organizations: the case of Serbia. Sociološki pregled, 53 (3), 836–859. doi:10.5937/socpreg53-22521
Štavljanin, D. (October 04, 2013). Hudson: 51 billion dollars were taken out of Serbia from the plunderous privatization. Slobodna Evropa. Available at https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/hadson-kako-je-iz-srbije-izvuena-51-milijarda-dolara/25126407.html [In Serbian]
Šuvaković, U. (2014). Transition: a contribution to the sociological study of social change. Kosovska Mitrovica: Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Prištini. [In Serbian]
Taxi driver protest December 13. (December 07, 2010). B 92. Available at https://www.b92.net/automobili/vesti.php?yyyy=2010&mm=12&nav_id=477434 [In Serbian]
The state allowed the former owner of Gosa to earn seven million euros without paying taxes (August 22, 2017). 021.rs. Available at https://www.021.rs/story/Info/Biznis-iekonomija/170015/Drzava-dozvolila-da-bivsi-vlasnik-Gose-zaradi-sedam-milionaevra-a-da-ne-placa-porez.html [In Serbian]
They do not want privatization: Zastava Oruzja workers protested against the announcement of the privatization of the factory. (April 25, 2018). Kurir. Available at https://www.kurir.rs/vesti/biznis/3037859/ne-zele-privatizaciju-radnici-zastava-oruzja-protestovali-zbog-najave-privatizacije-fabrike [In Serbian]
Transition and expressed impotence of the union. (December 05, 2013). B92. Available at https://www.b92.net/biz/vesti/srbija.php?yyyy=2013&mm=12&dd=05&nav_id=785649 [In Serbian]
Vidojević, Z. (1997). Transition, restoration and neototalitarianism. Beograd: Institut društvenih nauka Centar za sociološka istraživanja. [In Serbian]
Vratuša, V. (2012). Transition - from where and where? Part one. Beograd: Čigoja štampa - Institut za sociološka istraživanja Filozofskog fakulteta u Beogradu. Available at http://isi.f.bg.ac.rs/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/isi_2012_VVZunjic_Tranzicija_odakle_i_kuda.pdf [In Serbian]
Vuković, S. (1996). Why privatization? Beograd: Sociološko društvo Srbije, Institut za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja. [In Serbian]
Wagon Factory workers continued the protest. (January 14, 2014). Blic. Available at https://www.blic.rs/biznis/radnici-fabrike-vagona-nastavili-protest/w73js93 [In Serbian]
Wallerstein, I. (2016). World system: crisis and scientist. Beograd: CID, Ekonomski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu. [In Serbian]
Workers of Jagodina Brewery tomorrow before the Commercial Court. (December 06, 2005). Danas. Preuzeto sa http://www.icbbg.rs/ser/arhiva.php?godina=2005&ID=2036 [In Serbian
Workers of “July 7” continue the strike. (August 11, 2004). Kurir. Available at https://www.icbbg.rs/ser/arhiva.php?godina=2004&ID=288 [In Serbian]
Workers of the Wagon Factory in Kraljevo blocked the bridge on the Ibar. (February 05, 2014). Blic. Available at https://www.blic.rs/biznis/radnici-fabrike-vagona-u-kraljevu-blokirali-most-na-ibru/hkk2q77 [In Serbian]
Workers overwhelmed: Reports against former directors of Gosa. (July 26, 2017). Kurir. Available at https://www.kurir.rs/vesti/drustvo/2885617/radnicima-prekipelo-prijave-protiv-bivsih-direktora-gose [In Serbian]]
Zdravković, M. (June 06, 2020). Salaries in China in 2019 and comparison with Serbia. Makroekonomija. Available at https://www.makroekonomija.org/0-miroslavzdravkovic/plate-u-kini-u-2019-i-poredjenje-sa-srbijom/[In Serbian]
Živković, M. (February 03, 2004). Blockade of Kovin Bridge again. Politika, p. B3. [In Serbian]