Povezanost upotrebe mobilnih telefona i fizičke aktivnosti dece predškolskog uzrasta u slobodnom vremenu
Sažetak
Savremenici smo sve bržeg i sve „agresivnijeg” upliva modernih tehnologija, ne samo u životu odraslih i omladine, već i u životu dece predškolskog uzrasta. Taj planetarni trend nije zaobišao ni savremeno srpsko društvo. Predmet ovog rada je analiza podataka iz vlastitog empirijskog istraživanja, koji se odnose na utvrđivanje veze između (1) dimenzija upravljanja upotrebom pametnih (smart) telefona od strane roditelja i (2) dimenzije fizičke aktivnosti dece predškolskog uzrasta u slobodnom vremenu. U njemu se analiziraju fizičke aktivnosti dece predškolskog uzrasta u zavisnosti od sledećih varijabli: od njihove polne pripadnosti i uzrasta (4, 5 i 6 godina), zatim u zavisnosti od toga da li dete poseduje smart telefon, da li je dete uključeno u neku programiranu sportsku aktivnost, a sve u odnosu na izjavu roditelja da li svom detetu ograničavaju vreme upotrebe smart telefona. Obrazloženje veze između tih varijabli urađeno je uz korišćenje Parential Smartphone Use Management Scale (PSUMS), dok se za podatke o fizičkoj aktivnosti dece predškolskog uzrasta u slobodnom vremenu koristi Bekeov upitnik. Empirijsko istraživanje je sprovedeno u prvoj polovini 2020. godine, anketiranjem roditelja 943 dece koja pohađaju predškolske ustanove, uzrasta od 4 do 6 godina, na teritoriji AP Vojvodine (Srbija).
Na osnovu analize prikupljenih podataka, utvrdili smo da: 1. veliki procenat dece uzrasta od 4 do 6 godina ne poseduje svoj smart telefon (77,9%), ali da ga oni ipak svakodnevno koriste (73,4%); 2. ne postoje razlike u fizičkim aktivnostima dece u odnosu na polnu pripadnost i na njihov uzrast; 3. deca više upražnjavaju fizičke aktivnosti u slobodnom vremenu ako ne poseduju svoj smart telefon, ukoliko su uključena u neku organizovanu sportsku aktivnost („rekreativne školice”), te ako im roditelji ograničavaju vreme upotrebe smart telefona, i 4. deca više učestvuju u fizičkim aktivnostima u slobodnom vremenu ukoliko su njihovi roditelji dosledniji u upravljanju upotrebom smart telefona. Preporuke roditeljima, koje slede iz našeg istraživanja, su da već u najranijem predškolskom uzrastu uključe decu u slobodne fizičke aktivnosti, a, u kasnijem predškolskom uzrastu, i u one strukturisane/programirane, jer je to period pogodan za prihvatanje adekvatnih navika fizičkog vežbanja koje se prenosi u odraslo doba. Na taj način će deca lakše da se „odvoje” od pasivnog (sedentarnog) provođenja svog slobodnog vremena, koje se pretežno odvija uz upotrebu smart telefona, a u cilju što zdravijeg njihovog odrastanja.
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