Bezlične, otuđene i opasne: vizuelna reprezentacija migrantkinja sa Bliskog istoka i iz Afrike u medijskom prostoru Srbije
Sažetak
Akademska istraživanja o medijskom izveštavanju o migrantima i izbeglicama su u porastu od velike „migrantske krize” 2015. godine. Međutim, malo autora se fokusira na vizuelnu reprezentaciju migrantkinja, za koju je utvrđeno da može da utiče na pozitivnije stavove građana i da doprinese razvoju „kulture gostoprimstva” (Bleiker et al., 2014). Glavni cilj ovog rada je da identifikuje dominantne vizuelne okvire u kojima se u štampanim i on-lajn medijima u Srbiji izveštava o migrantkinjama sa Bliskog istoka i iz Afrike. Kvantitativno-kvalitativna analiza 54 fotografije u periodu od 2015. do 2020. godine zasnovana je na konceptu vizuelnih medijskih okvira. Glavni rezultati pokazuju da se migrantkinje dominantno vizuelno prikazuju u okvirima pretnje po bezbednost granica i zdravlja ljudi, sa velike udaljenosti kamere od grupe u kojoj se nalaze, čime su lišene identiteta i glasa u medijskom sadržaju.
Reference
Aiello, G. (2006). Theoretical advances in critical visual analysis: Perception, ideology, mythologies and social semiotics. Journal of Visual Literacy 26 (2), 89–102.
Amores, J, J, Arcila, C. (2019). Deconstructing the symbolic visual frames of refugees and migrants in the main Western European media. In M. A. Gonzalez (ed.) Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM 2019) New York: Association for Computing Machinery
Bleiker, R., Campbell, D., Hutchison, E. (2014). Visual Cultures of Inhospitality. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 26 (2), 192-200.
CESID (2019). The attitudes of citizens towards the impact of refugee and migration crisis in 19 local municipalities in Serbia. Beograd: CESID [In Serbian]
Danas (2021, 18 October). Commissariat: since the beginning of the year, 42.000 migrants went through Serbia. Available at: https://www.danas.rs/vesti/drustvo/komesarijat-od-pocetka-godine-kroz-srbiju-proslo-42-000-migranata/ [In Serbian]
Entman, R.M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of communication, 43(4), 51-58.
Freedman, J. (2016). Engendering Security at the Borders of Europe: Women Migrants and the Mediterranean ‘Crisis’. Journal of Refugee Studies, 29(4), 568–582
Greenwood, K., Thomson, T, J. (2020). Framing the migration: A study of news photographs showing people fleeing war and persecution. International Communication Gazette, 82(2), 140-163.
Hellermann, C. (2006). Migrating alone: tackling social capital? Women from Eastern Europe in Portugal. Ethnic & Racial Studies (29)6, 1135–1152.
Janjić, S. (2021). Qualitative analysis of disinformation about migrants. In: Milinkov, S,, Janjić, S,, Jakovljević, N. (eds.) (2021). Reporting on migrants – Between manipulation and ethics (11-18). Novi Sad: Independent Journalists’ Association of Vojvodina. [In Serbian]
Kleut, J., Drašković, B. (2017). Visual representation of the refugees on the Balkan route in the Serbian media. Godišnjak Filozofskog fakulteta u Novom Sadu, 42 (2), 165-182. [In Serbian]
Krstić, A., Aiello, G., Vladisavljević, N. (2020). Visual metaphor and authoritarianism in Serbian political cartoons. Media, War & Conflict 13(1), 27–49.
Lefko-Everett, K. (2010). The voices of migrant Zimbabwean women in South Africa. In: J. Crush, D. Tevera (eds.), Zimbabwe’s Exodus (269-290). Cape Town and Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.
Lenette, C, Cleland, S. (2016). Changing faces: Visual representations of asylum seekers in times of crisis. Creative Approaches to Research, 9 (1), 68-83.
Mawadza, A., Banda, F. (2016). ‘Kids sold, desperate moms need cash’: Media representations of Zimbabwean women migrants. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 34 (2), 121-134.
Morokvašić, M. (2010). Feminization of migrations? Stanovništvo, 2, 25-52. [In Serbian]
Milinkov, S, Janjić, S, Jakovljević, N. (eds.) (2021). Reporting on migrants – Between manipulation and ethics. Novi Sad: Independent Journalists’ Association of Vojvodina. [In Serbian]
Milinkov, S. (2021). Digital trust – journalists against disinformation about migrants – introduction. In: Milinkov, S, Janjić, S, Jakovljević, N. (eds.) (2021). Reporting on migrants – Between manipulation and ethics (4-10). Novi Sad: Independent Journalists’ Association of Vojvodina. [In Serbian]
Mršević, Z., Janković, S. (2018). Migrant women. Zbornik Instituta za kriminološkai sociološka istraživanja 37 (2), 55-67. [In Serbian]
Mršević, Z., Janković, S. (2019). Protection of human rights of migrant women. Zbornik Instituta za kriminološkai sociološka istraživanja 38 (2), 35-48. [In Serbian]
Mršević, Z. (2016). Intersectional analysis of gender aspects of integral security. In B. Forca (ed.) Factors of Integral Security of the Republic of Serbia (211-226). Beograd: Fakultet za poslovne studije i pravo, Fakultet za strateški i operativni menadžment Univerziteta „Union – Nikola Tesla“ [In Serbian]
Nyangairi, B. (2010). Migrant women in sex work: trajectories and perceptions of Zimbabwean sex workers in Hillbrow, South Africa. (Master’s thesis). Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand
Oloruntoba, F, A., Ogwezzy-Ndisika, A, O., Faustino, B. A., Amakoh, K. O. (2018). Transnational gendered narratives on migration: the Nigerian media and female migrants en route to Italy from Libya. Feminist Media Studies, 18(6), 1130-1132.
Özcan, E. (2013). Lingerie, Bikinis and the Headscarf. Feminist Media Studies, 13(3), 427-442.
Pavlović, D., Perišić, N., Šantić, D. (2021). Migration in the National Context – Mapping the Research Challenges. Sociologija 63 (4), 669-687. https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC2104669P [In Serbian]
Rodriguez, L., Dimitrova, D. (2011). The Levels of Visual Framing. Journal of Visual Literacy 30(1), 48–65.
Wilmott, A, C. (2017). The Politics of Photography: Visual Depictions of Syrian Refugees in U.K. Online Media. Visual Communication Quarterly 24(2), 67-82.