Strategije razvoja pametnih gradova: determinizam podataka i tehnološki suverenitet

  • Lazar A. Dimitrijević Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet bezbednosti, Beograd (Srbija)
Ključne reči: razvoj pametnog grada, determinizam podataka, tehnološki suverenitet, državljanstvo, podaci o ličnosti

Sažetak


U ovom radu se analizira uloga građanina kroz vezu između pojma „pravo na grad“ i aktuelnih izazova integriteta podataka. Uvodna diskusija objašnjava nepredvidivost podataka koja se tiče građanina i postulacije tehnološkog suvereniteta kao alternative korporativnom dizajnu pametnog grada. Metod koji je primenjen obuhvata analizu sadržaja i preglede literature koja se odnosi na fenomen otuđenja podataka, bezbednosti podataka i političke dihotomije između „tvrdih“ i „mekih“ pristupa strategijama razvoja pametnog grada. Prvi deo pojašnjava poziciju podataka u strukturi pametnog grada, dok se drugi deo bavi političkom ulogom građana u pametnim gradovima.

Reference

Althusser, L. (1971). Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Trans. Brewster B. London: NLB.
Amoore, L. (2013). The Politics of Possibility: Risk and Security Beyond Probability. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Agudo-Peregrina, A.F. & Navío-Marco, J. (2016). Extended framework for the analysis of innovative Smart City business models. In: Proceedings of the 27th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS), Cambridge, UK, 7–9 September 2016; International Telecommunications Society (ITS): Calgary, AB, Canada, 2016. Available online: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/148654/1/ Agudo-Peregrina-Navio-Marco.pdf
Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224.
Angelidou, M. (2017). The Role of Smart City Characteristics in the Plans of Fifteen Cities. J. Urban Technol, 24, 3–28.
Albino, V., Berardi, U., Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart cities: Definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. J. Urban Technol., 22, 3–21.
Baracos, S., & Nissenbaum, H. (2014). Big data’s end run around anonymity and consent. In: J. Lane, V. Stodden, S., Bender, H. Nissenbaum (eds.), Privacy, Big Data and the Public Good (pp. 44-75). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, W. (2016). Sacrificial citizenship: neoliberalism, human capital, and austerity pol- itics. Constellations, 23(1), 3–14.
CAICT. Data Security Analysis and Coping Strategy Research. (2022). Available online: http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/202201/t20220118_395765.htm
/>CAICT. China Urban Digital Economy Development Report. (2021). Available online:
http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/202112/P020211221381181106185.pdf
/>Cardullo, P., & Kitchin, R. (2018a). Being a ‘citizen’ in the smart city: Up and down the scaffold of smart citizen participation in Dublin, Ireland. GeoJournal, online first, doi: 10.1007/s10708-018-9845-8.
Cardullo, P., & Kitchin, R. (2018b). Smart urbanism and smart citizenship: The neoliberal logic of ‘citizen-focused’ smart cities in Europe. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, online first. doi: 10.1177/0263774X18806508
Chandler, A. D. J. (2002). The visible hand. The managerial revolution in American business (16th ed.). Cambridge, UK; London, UK: Harvard University Press (Original work published 1977).
Chintagunta, L., Raj, P., Narayanaswami, S. (2019). Conceptualization to amendment: Kakinada as a smart city. J. Public Aff., 19, e1879.
City of Edmonton. (2017) Smart City Strategy, 38 pp. Available online:
https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/Smart_City_Strategy.pdf
/>Cocchia, A. (2014). Smart and digital city: A systematic literature review. In: Smart City: How to Create Public and Economic Value with High Technology in Urban Space; R. P. Dameri, C. Rosenthal-Sabroux (eds.). Springer: Cham, Switzerland; pp. 13–43.
Crawford, K., & Schultz, J. (2014). Big Data and Due Process: Toward a Framework to Redress Predictive Privacy Harms. Boston College Law Review, 55(1), 93-128
Datta, A. (2015). New urban utopias of postcolonial India: ‘Entrepreneurial urbanization’ in Dholera smart city, Gujarat. Dialogues in Human Geography, 5(1), 3-22.
Datta, A. (2018). The Digital Turn in Postcolonial Urbanism: Smart citizenship in the making of India’s 100 smart cities. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, online first
https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12225
/>Davies, W. (2015). The chronic social: relations of control within and without neoliberalism. New Formations, 84/85, 40-57.
De Angelis, M. (2007). The Beginning of History: Value Struggles and Global Capital. London: Pluto.
Edwards, L. (2016). Privacy, security and data protection in smart cities: A critical EU law perspective. Eur. Data Prot. Law Rev., 2, 28.
Fisher, E. (2012). How Less Alienation Creates More Exploitation? Audience Labour on Social Network Sites. Triple C: Cognition, Communication, Co-operation 2012, 10, 171-183.
Foucault, M. (1991). Governmentality. In: G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (eds.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (pp. 87-104). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Founoun, A., Hayar, A. (2018). Evaluation of the concept of the smart city through local regulation and the importance of local initiative. In: Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), Kansas City, MO, USA, 16–19 September 2018; pp. 1–6.
Fuchs, C. (2018). Social Media, Big Data, and Critical Marketing. Routledge Press: London, UK; pp. 467-481, ISBN 9781315630526.
Galdon, G. (2017). Technological Sovereignty? Democracy, Data and Governance in the Digital Era. CCCB Lab, available at:
http://lab.cccb.org/en/technological-sovereignty-democracy-data-and-governance-in-the-digital-era/ (accessed 6th April 2018)
Gil, R. & Aldama, A. (2013). Smart city initiatives and the policy context: The case of the rapid business opening office in Mexico City. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, Seoul, Korea, 22–25 October 2013; pp. 234–237.
Goodman, M. (2015). Future Crimes: A Journey to the Dark Side of Technology – and How to Survive It. New York: Bantam Press.
Golubchikov, O. & Thornbush, M.J. (2022). Smart Cities as Hybrid Spaces of Governance: Beyond the Hard/ Soft Dichotomies in Cyber Urbanization. Sustainability 14, 10080. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610090
/>Graham, S. (2005). Software-sorted geographies. Progress in Human Geography, 29(5), 562-580.
Greenfield, A. (2013). Against the Smart City. New York: Do Publications.
Han, B.-C. (2017). Psychopolitics: Neoliberalism and New Technologies of Power. Brooklyn: Verso Books.
Harvey, D. (2008). The right to the city. New Left Review, 53, 23–40
Hill, D. (2013). On the smart city: Or, a ‘manifesto’ for smart citizens instead. City of Sound, 1 February. Available online: www.cityofsound.com/blog/2013/02/on-the-smart-city-a-callfor-smart-citizens-instead.html
Hollands, R.G. (2015). Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Camb. J. Reg. Econ. Soc., 8, 61–77.
Hollands, R.G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial? City, 12(3), 303–320.
He, W., Li, W., Deng, P. (2022). Legal Governance in the Smart Cities of China: Functions, Problems, and Solutions. Sustainability, 14, 9738.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159738
/>Huang, K., Luo, W., Zhang, W., Li, J. (2021). Characteristics and Problems of Smart City Development in China. Smart Cities, 4, 1403–1419.
Huang, W., Duan, W., Chen, Y. (2021). Rapidly declining surface and terrestrial water resources in Central Asia driven by socio-economic and climatic changes. Sci. Total Environ., 784, 147193.
Joshi, S., Saxena, S., Godbole, T. (2016). Developing smart cities: An integrated framework. Procedia Comput. Sci., 93, 902–909.
Joss, S., Cook, M., & Dayot, Y. (2017). Smart Cities: Towards a New Citizenship Regime? A Discourse Analysis of the British Smart City Standard. Journal of Urban Technology, 24(4), 29-49.
Kitchin, R. (2014). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal, 79(1), 1-14.
Kitchin, R. (2016). Getting smarter about smart cities: Improving data privacy and data security. Data Protection Unit, Department of the Taoiseach, Dublin, Ireland.
http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Publications/Publications_2016/Smart_Cities_Report_January_2016.pdf
/>Kitchin, R. (2019). Reframing, reimagining and remaking smart cities. In: C. Coletta, L. Evans, L. Heaphy, & R. Kitchin (eds.), Creating Smart Cities (219-230). London: Routledge.
Kitchin, R., Coletta, C., Evans, L., Heaphy, L., & Mac Donncha, D. (2017a). Smart cities, urban technocrats, epistemic communities, advocacy coalitions and the ‘last mile’ problem. it – Information Technology, 59(6), 275-284.
Kitchin, R., Coletta, C., & McArdle, G. (2017b). Urban informatics, governmentality and the logics of urban control. Programmable City Working Paper 25. Available at:
https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/27hz8/.
/>Kitchin, R., & Dodge, M. (2011). Code/Space: Software and Everyday Life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Kitchin, R., Cardullo, P., & Di Feliciantonio, C. (2018). Citizens, Justice and the Right to the Smart City. The Programmable City, Working Paper 41.
Lazaroiu, G. C., Roscia, M. (2012). Definition methodology for the smart cities model. Energy, 47, 326–332.
Lefebvre, H. (1996). Writings on Cities. Cambridge: Blackwell.
Leszczynski, A. (2017). Geoprivacy. In: R. Kitchin, T. Lauriault, & M. Wilson (eds.), Understanding Spatial Media. London: Sage.
Leszczynski, A., & Kitchin, R. (2019). The seduction of UberCity. In: M. Graham, R. Kitchin, S. Mattern, & J. Shaw (eds.). Cities Should Be Run Like Companies and Other Fables. Oxford: Meatspace Press.
March, H., & Ribera-Fumaz, R. (2016). Smart contradictions: The politics of making Barcelona a self-sufficient city. European Urban and Regional Studies, 23(4), 816–830.
Marcuse, P. (2007). Social justice in New Orleans: planning after Katrina. Progressive Planning, Summer, 8–12.
Marcuse, P. (2012). Whose right(s) to what city. In: N. Brenner, P. Marcuse, & M. Mayer (eds.), Cities for people not for profit: Critical urban theory and the right to the city (24-41). London: Routledge.
Mattern, S. (2017). Code and Clay, Data and Dirt: Five Thousand Years of Urban Media. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Mayer, M. (2012). The “right to the city” in urban social movements. In: N. Brenner, P. Marcuse, & M. Mayer (eds.), Cities for people not for profit: Critical urban theory and the right to the city (63-85). London: Routledge.
Meier, J. (2011). Collaborative Governance: Private Roles for Public Goals in Turbulent Times. In: John D. Donahue and Richard J. Zeckhauser. Int. Public Manag. J. 2011, 14, 464.
Mora, L., Deakin, M., Reid, A., Angelidou, M. (2018). How to overcome the dichotomous nature of smart city research: Proposed methodology and results of a pilot study. J. Urban Technol., 26, 1–40.
Morozov, E., & Bria, F. (2018). Rethinking Smart Cities: Democratizing Urban Technology. New York: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung.
http://www.rosalux-nyc.org/rethinking-the-smart-city/
/>Mosannenzadeh, F., Bisello, A., Vaccaro, R., d’Alonzo, V., Hunter, G.W., Vettorato, D. (2017). Smart energy city development: A story told by urban planners. Cities, 64, 54–65.
Mu, D., Luo, P., Lyu, J., Zhou, M., Huo, A., Duan, W., Nover, D., He, B., Zhao, X. (2021). Impact of temporal rainfall patterns on flash floods in Hue City, Vietnam. J. Flood Risk Manag., 14, e12668.
Neirotti, P., de Marco, A., Cagliano, A.C., Mangano, G., Scorrano, F. (2014). Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities, 38, 25–36.
Ong, A. (2006). Mutations in citizenship. Theory, Culture & Society, 23(2–3), 499–505.
Pollio, A. (2016). Technologies of austerity urbanism. The “smart city” agenda in Italy (2011–2013). Urban Geogr., 37, 514–534.
Ramirez, E. (2013). The privacy challenges of big data: A view from the lifeguard’s chair. Technology Policy Institute Aspen Forum, 19 Aug, available at:
http://ftc.gov/speeches/ramirez/130819bigdataaspen.pdf.
/>Rossi, U. (2016). The variegated economics and the potential politics of the smart city. Territ. Politics Gov., 4, 337-353.
Sadowski, J. & Pasquale, F.A. (2015). The spectrum of control: A social theory of the smart city. First Monday, 20, 23. Available online:
https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/rt/printerFriendly/5903/4660
/>Sartori, L. (2015). Alla ricerca della ‘‘smart citizenship’’. Istituzioni del Federalismo: Rivista di Studi Giuridici e Politici, 4, 927–948.
Shelton, T., Zook, M., & Wiig, A. (2015). The ‘actually existing smart city’. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8, 13–25.
Shaw, J., & Graham, M. (2017). An informational right to the city? Code, content, control and the urbanization of information. Antipode, 49(4), 907-927.
Shelton, T., & Lodato, T. (2019). Actually existing smart citizens: Expertise and (non) participation in the making of the smart city. City 23 (1), 35-52.
https://doi.org/10.1 080/13604813.2019.1575115
Smith, K. (2017). The Inconvenient Truth about Smart Cities. Scientific American.
Soe, M. & Drechsler, W. (2018). Agile local governments: Experimentation before imple- mentation. Gov. Inf. Q., 35, 323–335.
Taylor, L., Richter, C., Jameson, S., & Perez del Pulgar, C. (2016). Customers, users or citi- zens? Inclusion, spatial data and governance in the smart city. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
Townsend, A. (2013). Smart Cities: Big data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
Vanolo, A. (2014). Smartmentality: The smart city as disciplinary strategy. Urban Studies, 51(5), 883–898.
Vanolo, A. (2016). Is there anybody out there? The place and role of citizens in tomorrow’s smart cities. Futures, 82, 26–36.
Vanolo, A. (2019). Playable urban citizenship: Social justice and the gamification of civic life. In: P. Cardullo, C. di Feliciantonio and R. Kitchin (eds.) The Right to the Smart City. Bingley: Emerald Publishing.
Weber, M., Podnar, I. (2019). A Regulatory View on Smart City Services. Sensors, 19, 415.
Wiig, A. (2015). IBM’s smart city as techno-utopian policy mobility. City, 19, 258–273.
Xie, D., Duan, L., Si, G., Liu, W., Zhang, T., Mulder, J. (2021). Long-Term 15N Balance After Single-Dose Input of 15N-Labeled NH4 + and NO3 in a Subtropical Forest Under Reducing N Deposition. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 35, 6959.
Zhang, Y., Luo, P., Zhao, S., Kang, S., Wang, P., Zhou, M., Lyu, J. (2020). Control and re- mediation methods for eutrophic lakes in the past 30 years. Water Sci. Technol., 81, 1099–1113.

Objavljeno
2023/06/02
Broj časopisa
Rubrika
Pregledni naučni rad