Etiologija i fenomenologija ekonomskog kriminaliteta u tranzicionim društvima

Ključne reči: ekonomski kriminalitet, etiologija, fenomenologija, tranzicija

Sažetak


Ne postoji jedinstvena, opšteprihvaćena definicija ekonomskog kriminaliteta. Razlog može biti česta promena njegove sadržine, odnosno krivičnih dela koje on obuhvata. Zajedno sa razvojem društvenoekonomskih odnosa razvijaju se i novi oblici navedene vrste kriminaliteta, pa možda samim tim definicija ne bi ni trebala, ali ni mogla, da bude univerzalna. Društva u tranziciji su se suočila sa značajnim promenama kako u oblasti političkog uređenja, tako i u oblasti ekonomije. Najuočljivije posledice tranzicije i prelaska na tržišnu privredu bile su velika nezaposlenost i socijalno raslojavanje stanovništva. To se negativno odrazilo na društvene vrednosti i moral, a samim tim i povećanje kriminaliteta.
Cilj ovog istraživanja jeste ukazivanje na uzroke i pojavne oblike ekonomskog kriminaliteta u društvima u tranziciji. Polazimo od pretpostavke da su blagovremena pripremljenost za značajne društvene promene u smislu uspostavljanja adekvatne zakonske regulative i postojanje nezavisnih mehanizama i institucija socijalne kontrole od velikog značaja za prevenciju ekonomskog kriminaliteta. Primenom analize sadržaja nastojimo da ukažemo na to da i zemlje u kojima je već odavno okončan proces političke i ekonomske tranzicije takođe mogu da se suoče sa problemima koji mogu da doprinesu da veliki broj izvršilaca krivičnih dela, koja spadaju u domen ekonomskog kriminaliteta, ostane nekažnjen za svoja dela, čime se direktno ugrožava princip vladavine prava.

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