Etiologija i fenomenologija ekonomskog kriminaliteta u tranzicionim društvima
Sažetak
Ne postoji jedinstvena, opšteprihvaćena definicija ekonomskog kriminaliteta. Razlog može biti česta promena njegove sadržine, odnosno krivičnih dela koje on obuhvata. Zajedno sa razvojem društvenoekonomskih odnosa razvijaju se i novi oblici navedene vrste kriminaliteta, pa možda samim tim definicija ne bi ni trebala, ali ni mogla, da bude univerzalna. Društva u tranziciji su se suočila sa značajnim promenama kako u oblasti političkog uređenja, tako i u oblasti ekonomije. Najuočljivije posledice tranzicije i prelaska na tržišnu privredu bile su velika nezaposlenost i socijalno raslojavanje stanovništva. To se negativno odrazilo na društvene vrednosti i moral, a samim tim i povećanje kriminaliteta.
Cilj ovog istraživanja jeste ukazivanje na uzroke i pojavne oblike ekonomskog kriminaliteta u društvima u tranziciji. Polazimo od pretpostavke da su blagovremena pripremljenost za značajne društvene promene u smislu uspostavljanja adekvatne zakonske regulative i postojanje nezavisnih mehanizama i institucija socijalne kontrole od velikog značaja za prevenciju ekonomskog kriminaliteta. Primenom analize sadržaja nastojimo da ukažemo na to da i zemlje u kojima je već odavno okončan proces političke i ekonomske tranzicije takođe mogu da se suoče sa problemima koji mogu da doprinesu da veliki broj izvršilaca krivičnih dela, koja spadaju u domen ekonomskog kriminaliteta, ostane nekažnjen za svoja dela, čime se direktno ugrožava princip vladavine prava.
Reference
Banović, B. (2002). Ensuring Evidence in the Criminal Processing of Economic Criminal Offences. Beograd: Viša škola unutrašnjih poslova, Zemun. [In Serbian]
Banović, B., Đokić, Z. (2007). Economic and financial crime in transition in Serbia. Criminality in transition: phenomenology, prevention and social reaction. Beograd: Institut za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja, 73–102. [In Serbian]
Becker, S. G. (1974). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. In: Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment (Becker, S. G. and Landes, W. M. eds), NBER, 1-54. https://www.nber.org/system/files/chapters/c3625/c3625.pdf
Bock, M. (2013). On causes of corruption and its inevitability in modern society. In: J., Ćirić (ed.), Combatting Corruption. Beograd: Institut za uporedno pravo, 11–19. [In Serbian]
Ćirić, J. (2008). Corruption regarding criminal regulations about corruption. Combatting organized crime in Serbia. From the existing legislation to the comprehensive reform proposal. Beograd, UNICRI, Institut za uporedno pravo & Univerzitet u Firenci, 97–125. [In Serbian]
Ćirić, J. (2018). Tax Havens. In: J. Kostić & A. Stevanović (eds.). Financial criminality. Proceedings of the scientific conference Financial Criminality, 7–8 September 2018, Zrenjanin, Serbia, Beograd: Institut za uporedno pravo, Institut za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja & Pravosudna akademija, 95–108. [In Serbian]
Dragojlović, J., Grujić, G. (2018). Criminal offence of the abuse of the position of a respon- sible person, Pravo, teorija i praksa, (4–6), 30–44. [In Serbian]
Đurić, Ž., Jovašević D., Rakić, M. (2007). Corruption, A Challenge to Democracy. Beograd: Institut za političke studije. European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation, https://www.eurojust.europa.eu/crime-types-and-cases/crime-types/economic-crimes. [In Serbian]
Filić, M. (2023). Criminal analysis of the offence – abuse in the privatization process, Pravo, teorija i praksa, 40 (2), 138–148. https://doi.org/10.5937/ptp2302138F.
Ignjatović, Đ. (2009). Theories in Criminology. Beograd: Pravni fakultet u Beogradu. [In Serbian]
Jakubiec, W., Kuliński M. (2023). The phenomenon of economic crime: threats and con- temporary trends, ASEJ, Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law, 27 (3), 55–58. https://doi.org/10.19192/wsfip.sj3.2023.8
Jovašević, D. (2006). Lexicon of Criminal Law, Beograd: Službeni glasnik. [In Serbian]
Kovačević, S. (2014). Transition postulate and empirical experience of Serbia, Collection of Works. Niš, Pravni fakultet, 53 (67), 239–254. [In Serbian]
Konstantinović Vilić, S., Nikolić Ristanović, V., Kostić, M. (2012). Criminology. Niš: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu. [In Serbian]
Lotspeich, R. (1995). Crime in the Transition Economies, Europe-Asia Studies, 47 (4), 555–589. DOI:10.1080/09668139508412276
Matijašević, J., Lakićević, S. (2022). The causes of economic crime and the review of its effects in the business field, Pravo, teorija i praksa, 39 (4), 18–29, https://doi.org/10.5937/ptp2204018M.
Novaković, S., Vukasović, D. (2014) Modalities of financial crime in capital ownership transformation in transition economies, NBP. Nauka, bezbednost, policija, 1, 173–184. https://doi.org/10.5937/NBP1401173N. [In Serbian]
Perišić, N. (2009). Transition in post-socialist countries. Strategy of pension insurance system reforms, Socijalna misao, 3, 179–199. [In Serbian]
Pečujlić, M., Milić, V. (1995). Sociology. Beograd: Čigoja štampa. [In Serbian]
Pihler, S. (1994). Towards a modern concept of economic criminality. Anali Pravnog fakulteta, 12, 196–209. [In Serbian]
Stojković, R., Nikolić Ristić, D. (2023). A revies of the Washington Consensus. New/Old Paradigm of Macroeconomic Politics, Megatrend revija, 20 (2), 191–202. [In Serbian]
Šljukić, S. (2004). Social structure in former socialist countries: transition or transformation?. Sociološki pregled, 38 (1–2), 267–279. [In Serbian]
Šuvaković, U. (2014). Transition, A contribution to the sociological research of social changes. Kosovska Mitrovica: Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Prištini, Kosovska Mitrovica. [In Serbian]
Tanjević, N. (2012). Economic crime in the conditions of economic transition. Beograd: Institut za uporedno pravo. [In Serbian]
Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index 2023, 2024, https://images.transparencycdn.org/images/Report_CPI2023_Eng.pdf.
Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index for 2012, https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2012.
Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index for 2013, https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2013.
Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index for 2016, https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2016.
Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index for 2018, https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2018.
Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index for 2021, https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2021.
Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index for 2022, https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2022.
Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index for 2023, https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023.
Transparency International Slovensko, The Approved Amendment to the Criminal Code Weakens the Rule of Law and the Right against Corruption, https://transparency.sk/en/the-approved-amendment-to-the-criminal-code-weakens-the-rule-of-law-and-the-fight-against-corruption/.
United Nation, Office on Drugs and Crime, Economic and Financial Crimes: Challenges to Sustainable Development, the Eleventh United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, 18-25 April 2005, Bangkok, Thailand, https://unis.unvienna.org/pdf/05-82108_E_5_pr_SFS.pdf.
Vukadin, E. (1999). Economic Politics. Theory and Application. Beograd: Dosije. [In Serbian]
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2024 Sociološki pregled
Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Autorstvo-Deli pod istim uslovima 4.0 međunarodnom licencom.