A Badanie poziomu edukacji społeczności lokalnej na temat zrównoważonego rozwoju turystyki: przypadek Uramana Takht w Iranie
Społeczność lokalna zrównoważona turystyka
Sažetak
Tourism is known as one of the most dynamic economic activities and it plays an important role in sustainable local development. Uraman Takht is a collection of five villages that is part of the city of Sarvabad in Kurdistan Province and is one of the typical tourist areas. This study evaluates the level of education of the people of Uraman in relation to local sustainable tourism development. The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of environmental education on sustainable tourism development in the local community. The findings indicate that sustainable tourism with an average indicator (2.64), because the obtained average is considered below average, (3) indicates a low level of education in tourism in Uraman. The second indicator is the level of knowledge and awareness of people about sustainable tourism with an average (3.22) because the average obtained is considered to be above average (3) indicates the level of knowledge and awareness about tourism. The last indicator is tourism economic, social and environmental changes, with an average (3.78) the average obtained is considered too moderate and close to (3) then the changes showing in various dimensions of tourism.
Reference
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60. Movahed, A., & Ghalehteimouri, K. J. (2020). An Empirical Investigation on Tourism Attractive Destinations and Spatial Behavioral Tourist Pattern Analysis in Tehran. Asian Journal of Geographical Research, 18-27.
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2. Alwani, Mehdi, Pirdokht, Masoumeh (2006), Book of Management Process of Tourism, Tehran, Office of Cultural Research.
3. Assessing the Level of Community Capacity Building in Tourism Development in Local Communities. Journal of sustainable development, Vol3, No 1, pp: 81-9
4. Balslev, H. (2020). Human Change Not Climate Change Local knowledge and geopolitical encounters as learning in Higher Education for Tourism: Tourism Master Students establishing partnerships to create sustainable development. Journal of Teaching in Travel and Tourism.
5. Barrios, L. M., Prowse, A., & Vargas, V. R. (2020). Sustainable development and women's leadership: A participatory exploration of capabilities in Colombian Caribbean fisher communities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 121277.
6. Bodorkós, B., & Pataki, G. (2009). Linking academic and local knowledge: community-based research and service learning for sustainable rural development in Hungary. Journal of cleaner production, 17(12), 1123-1131.
7. Booyens, I. (2020). Education and skills in tourism: Implications for youth employment in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 1-15.
8. Buckley, Ralf (2002) " Environmental inputs and outputs in ecotourism: Geotiurism with a positive triple bottom line", Unpublished paper, Griffith University, Australia.
9. Cooper, Chris, Flyer, John, Gilbert, David. (2002). Book Principles of Tourism (First Edition), translated by Akbar Ghamkhar. Far amad Publication
10. Davis, E. (2019). Coaching for Change: Teacher Perceptions of the Impact of Personalized, Reflective Professional Development.
11. Davis, J. and Morays’, D. 2004, Factions and enclaves: small towns and socially unsustainable tourism development, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 3, No. 43, pp. 3–10.
12. Ebrahimzadeh, issa; and Aqasi -Zadeh, Abdullah. (2012). Analysis of Factors Affecting Tourism in the Chabahar Coastal Region Using the Swat Model, Journal of Urban and Regional Studies and Research, Volume One on pages 107 to 128.
13. Edhel serd, Smith; MR, C; Swanson. (2014). Policy making in the tourism industry. Translated by Hamid Zargham Boroujeni, m.bazrafshan, Office of Cultural Research.
14. Fadeeva, Z, Mochizuki, Y. (2010).” higher education. For Today and Tomorrow: University Appraisal for Diversity, Innovation and Change towards Sustainable Development Sustainability Science, Vol. 5, and No. 2. PP.249-256
15. Fazel Bakhshi, freshtah, Dissertation, Relationship between Cultural Factors and Expectation Type of Participation in Community-Based Tourism, Case Study: Zaghmarz Village. Master's thesis for Tourism Management, Guidance: Dr. Ziaei, Allameh Tabatabaei School of Management and Accounting, winter 2008.
16. Gay, Chag, Wow. World Tourism Organization. (2004). Tourism book in the landscape. Translation by Ali Parsayian and Seyyed Mohammad Arabi, Second Edition Publication, Second Printing Culture Research Center, Tehran.
17. Gnych, S., Lawry, S., McLain, R., Monterroso, I., & Adhikary, A. (2020). Is community tenure facilitating investment in the commons for inclusive and sustainable development?. Forest Policy and Economics, 111, 102088.
18. Goeldner, R, etal (2000)"Tourism, Principals, Practices, Philosophies", John Willey & Sons Inc., New York.
19. Hasanvand, S., & Khodapanah, M. (2014). The impact of tourism on economic growth in developing countries: two approaches static panel data and dynamic panel data. Quartrly Journal of The Mcrco and Strategic Policies. Volume 2, Vol 2- No6 Summer 2014 Pages 87-102
20. Hashemi, Nadia. (2008). Education book is the capital of human beings (first edition). Isfahan, Naser Kankash, p. 5-6.- Aref, F., Ma’rof, R., S. Gill, S., & Aref,A. (2010)
21. Hiedari, vakil; Maleki, Abuzar. (2015). assessment of rural tourism in the social empowerment of the Ziarat village's residents from Bavanat city in the province of Fars. Local Development (Rural-Urban) Journal Volume 6 Number 2, Autumn 2014, p. 279 to 298.
22. Inskeep, Edward, Tourism Planning, New York, 1991.
23. Karami, Mehrdad. (2013). Research article, Measuring tourism sustainability from the point of view of local community case study, Niasar city, Applied Geosciences Researches Volume 12, Number 25 pp. 31 to 55.
24. Kerdsuwan, S., Laohalidanond, K., & Jangsawang, W. (2015). Sustainable development and eco-friendly waste disposal technology for the local community. Energy Procedia, 79, 119-124.
25. Khodaee, Z., & Kalantari, K. A. H. (2013). Tourism development with emphasis on the role of workforce training. Urban Management Studies Journal, Volume 4, Issue 14, Pages 48-59
26. Mageda Rizig،- Emragea. (2011) an exploration of tourism development theory and potential educational responses in Eastern Libya. Degree Level doctoral.،
27. Mahbaz, S. B., Dehghani-Sanij, A. R., Dusseault, M. B., & Nathwani, J. S. (2020). Enhanced and integrated geothermal systems for sustainable development of Canada’s northern communities. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 37, 100565.
28. Marsden, T., & Smith, E. (2005). Ecological entrepreneurship: sustainable development in local communities through quality food production and local branding. Geoforum, 36(4), 440-451.
29. Moin, Mohammad, (2006) Farsi Persian Pocket, Alizadeh Collection, Azizullah, Road Growth Publishing, Third Edition, p. 52..
30. MOs cardo, G. (2008), Building Community Capacity For Tourism Development. School of Business James cook University, Townsville Australia.
31. Mountain Institute (2000). Community based tourism for conservation and development a resource kit. P, Ramchander (2004). Appropriate planning for tourism in destination communities, university of Pretoria, South Africa.
32. Movahed, Ali. (2004). PhD dissertation, Urban tourism research, Case study of Isfahan city. Supervisor, shokui.
33. Mussai, Meysam, Ahmadzadeh, Maryam. (2009). Research Paper on Sustainable Development and Development, Strategic Quarterly, No. 18, summer 88.
34. Papoli Yazdi, Mohammad Hossain, Saghaei, Mehdi. (2007). Tourism book of nature and concepts. Publication side.
35. Prebežac, D., Schott, C., & Sheldon, P. (Eds.). (2016). the tourism education futures initiative: Activating change in tourism education. Routledge.
36. Psacharopoulos, G., & Woodhall, M. (1993). Education for development. Oxford: Oxford University Press., Translation by Pridekh Vahidi and Hamid Sohrabi, Publisher: Tehran Planning and Budget Organization, Second Edition.
37. Richards, G., & Hall, D. R. (Eds.). (2003). Tourism and sustainable community development (Vol. 7). Psychology Press.
38. Salehi, Sadegh, Hasanpour, Mahmoud (2012). Research Paper, Applied Approach to Tourism Planning and Marketing, Tourism Development Magazine, Babol University journal, Mazandaran.
39. Sanchez, Mercedes Jodar, 2009, Local participation as a tool for tourism development in La Guajira, Colombia. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid. August 2009.page 11
40. Sarmad, Zohreh, Bazargan, Abbas and Hajazi Elaheh. (2016). The Book of Research Methods’ Behavioral Sciences, Tehran. Published agh, the 28th Ed.
41. Sharply, R(2002), Rural tourism and the challenge of tourism desertification: The case of Cyprus, Tourism Management,23: 233-344
42. Sheldon, P., Fesenmaier, D., Woeber, K., Cooper, C., & Antonioli, M. (2008). Tourism education futures, 2010–2030: Building the capacity to lead. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 7(3), 61-68.
43. Shiel, C., Leal Filho, W., do Paço, A., & Brandli, L. (2016). Evaluating the engagement of universities in capacity building for sustainable development in local communities. Evaluation and program planning, 54, 123-134.
44. Sodowsky, G. R., Kuo-Jackson, P. Y., & Loya, G. J. (1997). Outcome of training in the philosophy of assessment. Multicultural counseling competencies: Assessment, education and training, and supervision, 7.
45. Todaro, M. P. (1977). Economic Development in the Third World: An introduction to problems and policies in a global perspective. Pearson Education. Translated by Kashani Majid (2014). Research Paper on Education, the Most Important Instrument for Sustainable Development, Journal of Social Sciences, No. 67.
46. UNWTO. "International tourism highlights." (2019).
47. Vrondou, O., Dimitropoulos, P., Douvis, Y., & Avgerinou, V. (2018). Sustainability in Sport Tourism Education—Theoretical Impact and the Tourism Sector Reality. In Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure (pp. 289-299). Springer, Cham.
48. World Tourism Organization (2000). National and regional planning. Translation by Abdollah Zadeh, Mahmoud. The Office of Cultural Research, quoted from an article about the development of tourism and the main obstacles to attracting tourists in cities (Mahabad Case Study) by Kamran Alizadeh et al., Urban Tourism Journal Volume 2, Issue 3, Autumn (2014) Page 233 &255.
49. WTO. (2015). WTO Tourism Highlights 2015. Http://www.world-tourism.org, visited 9May.
50. Zia Sheikh Al-Islam, Siavash. (2014). Dissertation, Explaining the Role of Local People's Education for Sustainable Tourism Development, Assistant Professor, Hashemi Saeed, University of Science and Culture, Tehran.
51. Hedayati, S., Kiani, A., Kiani, A., Tavakoly, M. (2010). Effect of Sample Areas of Tourism in the Eradication of Poverty from the Perspective of Local Communities (Case Study: Oraman -e-Takhat of Kurdistan Region). Journal of Urban - Regional Studies and Research, 2(6), 73-94.
52. Tavalaee, S., Soleimany, M., Dowlatabad, R. J., & Dowlatabad, E. J. (2017). The role of participation in sustainable tourism industry (Case study: Sarein). Human Geography, 49(1), 13.
53. Hadzigeorgiou, Y., & Skoumios, M. (2013). The Development of Environmental Awareness through School Science: Problems and Possibilities. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 8(3), 405-426.
54. Trukhachev, A. (2015). Methodology for evaluating the rural tourism potentials: a tool to ensure sustainable development of rural settlements. Sustainability, 7(3), 3052-3070.
55. Hall, C. M., & Williams, A. M. (2019). Tourism and innovation. Routledge.
56. World Tourism Organization (Madrid)., Network, W. E., University of Hawaii (Manoa)., University of Calgary (Calgary, Canada)., & James Cook University (Australia). (1997). International tourism: A global perspective. World Tourism Organization.
57. Hribar, M. Š., & Pipan, P. (2017). Participatory research in community development: a case study of creating cultural tourism products. AUC Geographica, 52(2), 164-175.
58. Chilufya, A., Hughes, E., & Scheyvens, R. (2019). Tourists and community development: corporate social responsibility or tourist social responsibility?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(10), 1513-1529.
59. Jafari, J., & Ritchie, J. B. (1981). Toward a framework for tourism education: Problems and prospects. Annals of tourism research, 8(1), 13-34.
60. Movahed, A., & Ghalehteimouri, K. J. (2020). An Empirical Investigation on Tourism Attractive Destinations and Spatial Behavioral Tourist Pattern Analysis in Tehran. Asian Journal of Geographical Research, 18-27.
61. Movahed, A., & Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri, K. (2019). The importance of the concept and meaning of place in tourism geography. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management, 4(16), 01
