Prevalencija i faktori rizika od prehipertenzije i hipertenzije kod odrasle populacije u Republici Srbiji: studija preseka
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Prehipertenzija i hipertenzija su važni javnozdravstveni problemi širom sveta. Mada se na njih može uticati, oni su skoro uvek faktori rizika od kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrde prevalencija i faktori rizika prehipertenzije i hipertenzije kod odrasle populacije (15+ godina) u Srbiji. Metode. Studijom preseka obuhvaćeno je 14 623 odraslih ispitanika, od kojih je 14 422 pristalo na merenje krvnog pritiska u kućnim uslovima. Korišćen je stratifikovani dvoetapni reprezentativni slučajni uzorak stanovništva Srbije. Rezultati. U 2013, 17,7% odraslih osoba, uzrasta 15+ godina bilo je normotenzivno, svaka treća (33,1%) osoba imala je prehipertenziju, a svaka druga (49,3%) hipertenziju. Standardizovana prevalencija prehipertenzije bila je 40,6%, hipertenzije 34,5%, a 57,8% hipertenzivnih osoba bilo je na antihipertenzivnoj terapiji. Među osobama koje su bile na medikamentnoj terapiji 35,2% (36,4% muškaraca i 33,2% žena) imalo je krvni pritisak unutar normalnih vrednosti. Prema rezultatima multivarijantne logističke regresione analize, značajni nezavisni faktori rizika od hipertenzije, u odnosu na osobe sa normotenzijom, bili su životno doba (50+ godina) (p < 0,001), prekomerna težina (p < 0,001) i gojaznost (p < 0,001), umerenо veliki (p < 0,001) i velik (p < 0,001) obim struka kod osoba oba pola, a kod žena i mesto boravka van grada (p = 0,006). Kod žena, značajni nezavisni faktori rizika od prehipertenzije, u poređenju sa osobama sa normotenzijom, bili su starije životno doba (50 + godina) (p < 0,001), prekomerna težina (p < 0,001) i gojaznost (p < 0,001), umereno veliki (p < 0,001) i veliki (p < 0,001) obim struka, dok je visok stepen fizičke aktivnosti bio značajan protektivni faktor (p = 0,014). Kod muškaraca, prekomerna težina (p < 0,001) i gojaznost (p < 0,001) bili su značajni nezavisni faktori rizika od prehipertenzije. Zaključak. Srbija pripada zemljama sa visokom prevalencijom prehipertenzije i hipertenzije. Naši rezultati naglašavaju potrebu za novom javnozdravstvenom strategijom za prevenciju, otkrivanje i lečenje osoba sa prehipertenzijom i hipertenzijom.
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