Evaluation of periodontal status and treatment needs of the Serbian Armed Forces population

Dragana Daković; Margareta Lekić; Dubravko Bokonjić; Zoran Lazić; Tatjana Čutović; Raša Mladenović

doi:10.2298/VSP191125010D

Dragana Daković Military Medical Academy, Dental Clinic, Department of Periodontology, Belgrade, Serbia
Margareta Lekić Military Medical Academy, Dental Clinic, Department of Periodontology, Belgrade, Serbia
Dubravko Bokonjić University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Zoran Lazić University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Tatjana Čutović University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Raša Mladenović University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Kragujevac, Serbia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP191125010D

Keywords: epidemiology, military personnel, oral health, periodontium, periodontal diseases, periodontal index, serbia

Abstract

Background/Aim. Periodontal disease is the second most common diseases after dental decay. The aim of the study was to determine frequency and seriousness of the periodontal disease, and periodontal treatment needs among the participants of the Serbian Armed Forces (SAF). Methods. A prospective cross-sectional study carried out on 1,411 military personnel aged 19–64 years (mean age: 35.20 ± 8.46 years). Periodontal health was recorded following the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) of Treatment Needs (CPITN). The frequency distributions were studied with regard to age groups, gender and military rank. The mean number of sextants affected per person was assessed. Results. Only 3% of the total SAF population had healthy periodontal tissue. The highest percentage of the studied population had the presence of calculus (42.7%), and the mean value of sextants with calculus was 1.77 per person. 35.8% of participants had the CPI score 3 (4–5 mm), and 5.4% of participants had the CPI score 4 (≥ 6 mm). Periodontal pockets (CPI score 3 and 4) were mostly present in the upper right (32%) and left (26%) sextant. Almost every subject needed better oral hygiene maintenance, but 41.2% of our participants required complex periodontal treatment. Conclusion. On the basis of all data, the treatment needs of SAF participants are big and vary in relation to the age, gender and military rank. Unfortunately, a dramatically small number of participants in the study had a completely healthy periodontium.

References

Katz J, Peretz B, Sgan-Cohen HD, Horev T, Eldad A. Periodontal status by CPITN, and associated variables in an Israeli perma-nent force military population. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27(5): 319‒24.

Jin LJ, Lamster IB, Greenspan JS, Pitts NB, Scully C, Warnaku-lasuriya S. Global burden of oral diseases: Emerging concepts, management and interplay with systemic health. Oral Dis 2016; 22(7): 609–19.

Kassebaum NJ, Bernabe E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B, Murray CJ, Marcenes W. Global burden of severe periodontitis in 1990–2010: a systematic review and meta-regression. J Den Res 2014; 93(11): 1045‒53.

Frencken JE, Sharma P, Stenhouse L, Green D, Laverty D, Dietrich T. Global epidemiology of dental caries and severe periodonti-tis – a comprehensive review. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44 (Suppl 18): S94‒S105.

Carasol M, Liodra C, Fernandez-Meseguer A, Bravo M, Garcia-Margallo MT, Calvo-Bonacho E, et al. Periodontal conditions among employed adults in Spain. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43(7): 548‒56.

Lorenzo SM, Alvarez R, Andrade E, Piccardo V, Francia A, Mas-sa F, et al. Periodontal conditions and associated factors among adults and the elderly: findings from the first National Oral Health Survey in Uruguay. Cad Saude Publica 2015; 31(11): 2425‒36.

Rothfuss LG, Johnson SA, Larsen SD, Chaffin J, Finstuen K. Staffing model for dental wellness and readiness. Mil Med J 2004; 169(8): 604‒8.

Kovacevic V, Milosavljevic M, Rancic N, Dakovic D. Assessment of the periodontal health and community periodontal index in the Army of Serbia. Vojnosanit Pregl 2015; 72(11): 953‒60.

Ainamo J, Barmes D, Beagrie G, Cutress T, Martin J, Sardo-Inffiri J. Development of the World health Organisation (WHO) community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Int Dent J 1982; 32(3): 281‒91.

Senna A, Campus G, Gagliani M, Strohnnenberg L. Socio-economic influence on caries experience and CPITN values among a group of Italian call-up soldiers and cadets. Oral Health Prev Dent 2005; 3(1): 39‒46.

Marker OT, Vigild M, Praetorius F. Oral health problems and treatmen needs in Danish military personnel recruited for United Nations service. Mil Med 1997; 162(6): 416‒21.

Mombiedro-Sandoval R, Llena-Puy R. Periodontal status and treatment needs among Spanish military personnel. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008; 13(7): E464–9.

Bhardwaj VK, Veeresha KL, Sharma KR. Periodontal status and treatment needs among state government employees in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh (India): A cross-sectional study. Indian J Oral Sci 2012; 3(1): 28‒33.

Miyazaki H, Pilot T, Leclerq MH, Barmes DE. Profiles of perio-dontal conditions in adolescent measured by CPITN. Int Dent J 1991; 41(2): 67‒73.

Pawlowicz A, Bachanek T, Klijer M, Chalas R. Periodontal condi-tion in patients of the specialist outpatients clinics at the Insti-tute of rural health in Lublin, Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 2018; 25(1): 9–12.

Nethravathi TD, Joshipura V, Venugopal S, Subbalah SK, Jagadeesh KN, Apparaju V. A comparative assessment of perio-dontal status and treatment needs among population in Tumkur district using CPITN: An epidemiological study. J Adv Clin Res Insig 2015; 2: 120‒3.

Al Mugeiren OM. Assessment od periodontal status among the outpatients attending private University dental clinic in Ri-yadh city, Saudi Arabia. J Int Oral Health 2018; 10(4): 192‒7.

Petersen PE, Kaka M. Oral health status of children and adults in the Republic of Niger, Africa. Int Dent J 1999; 49(3): 159–64.

Nordblad A, Kallio P, Ainamo J, Dusadeepan A. Periodontal treatment needs in populations under 20 years of age in Es-poo, Finland and Chiangmai, Thailand. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1986; 14(3): 129–31.

Horning DM, Hatch CL, Lutskus J. The prevalence of periodon-titis in a military treatment population. J Am Dent Assoc 1990; 121(5): 616‒22.

Horev T, Katz J, Almog D, Goldberg A, Shpigelman A, Rajnay W. Oral health disparities between ranks in a military environ-ment: Israel Defence Force as a model. Mil Med 2003; 168(4): 326‒9.

Singh A, Bhambal A, Saxena S, Tiwari V, Tiwari U, Singh A. As-sessment of periodontal status of Indian police personnel of Central India: A cross-sectional representative study. SRM J Res Dent Sci 2015; 6(3): 155‒60.

Sekhon TS, Grewal S, Gambhir RS. Periodontal health status and treatment needs of the rural population of India: A cross-sectional study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6(1): 111‒5.

Miyazaki H, Pilot T, Leclercq MH. WHO Oral Health Pro-gramme. Periodontal profiles: an overview of CPITN data in the WHO global oral data bank for the age groups 15-19 years and 35-44 years. 1990. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/61678

Konig J, Holtfreter B, Kocher T. Periodontal health in Europe: fu-ture trends based on treatment needs and the provision of per-iodontal services – position paper 1. Eur J Dent Educ 2010; 14(Suppl 1): 4‒24.

Moss DL. Dental emergencies during SFOR 8 in Bosnia. Mil Med 2002; 167(11): 904‒6.

Sollecito TP, Sullivan KE, Pinto A, Stewart J, Korostoff J. Systemic conditions associated with periodontitis in childhood and ado-lescence. A review of diagnostic possibilities. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2005; 10(2): 142‒50.