Humoralni odgovor na anti-COVID imunizaciju i SARS-CoV-2 infekciju kod HIV-inficiranih osoba

  • Daniela Marić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Novi Sad, Serbia
  • Vanja Andrić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Novi Sad, Serbia
  • Snežana Brkić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Novi Sad, Serbia
  • Dragana Zuvić Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia; University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
  • Romana Mijović Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia; University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
  • Aleksandra Bulović University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Novi Sad, Serbia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP241206022M
Ključne reči: covid-19;, hiv;, imunitet, humoralni;, immunoglobulin g;, sars-cov-2;, limfociti t;, vakcinacija;, vakcine

Sažetak


Uvod/Cilj. Na početku pandemije izazvane koronavirusom 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019 – COVID-19), smatralo se da su osobe inficirane virusom humane imunodeficijencije (HIV) u većem riziku od razvoja težih formi ove bolesti. Iako se vakcinacija HIV-inficiranih smatra neophodnom, podaci o humoralnom odgovoru na infekciju i vakcinaciju u ovoj populaciji su nedosledni, posebno kada se porede različite vrste vakcina. Cilj ove studije bio je da se istraže faktori koji bi kod HIV-inficiranih mogli da utiču na titar antitela specifičnih za spike protein koronavirusa 2 izazivača teškog akutnog respiratornog sindroma (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 – SARS-CoV-2) nakon vakcinacije i/ili nakon izlaganja virusu. Metode. U studiju su bile uključene sve HIV-inficirane osobe koje su došle na rutinski pregled u Centar za HIV/AIDS, Univerzitetskog kliničkog centra Vojvodine, Srbija, od aprila do decembra 2022. godine i koje su primile najmanje dve doze vakcine i/ili su preležale COVID-19. Podaci o starosti, trajanju antiretrovirusne terapije (ART), najnižem i trenutnom broju CD4+ i CD8+ T-ćelija i podaci o tipu vakcine prikupljeni su iz medicinske dokumentacije i nacionalne baze podataka. Imunoglobulin G (IgG) antitela protiv SARS-CoV-2 spike proteina određivana su u serumima HIV-inficiranih
korišćenjem AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II testa. Rezultati. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 226 HIV-inficiranih osoba sa nedetektabilnom viremijom, u 96,3% slučajeva, broj CD4 T-limfocita bio je preko 350 ćelija/mm3. Od 171 ispitanika koji su primili najmanje dve doze vakcine, 64 (37,4%) je bilo i vakcinisano i imalo COVID-19 a 107 (62,6%) je bilo samo vakcinisano i nije imalo COVID-19. Među vakcinisanim ispitanicima, tri doze primilo je 62%, a njih 38% je primilo dve doze vakcine. Kada je u pitanju tip vakcine, 59,6% primilo je vakcinu na bazi informacione ribonukleinske kiseline (messenger ribonucleic acid – mRNA), 25,1% inaktivisanu vakcinu, a 15,3% vektorsku vakcinu. Bolji humoralni odgovor je pokazan u slučajevima mRNK vakcine u odnosu na inaktivisanu vakcinu i kod onih koji su primili tri doze u odnosu na dve u slučaju mRNK vakcina. Godine starosti i trajanje ART su bili u negativnoj korelaciju, a  broj CD8 T-ćelija u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa titrima antitela. Zaključak. Studija je pokazala imunogenost i bezbednost potpune vakcinacije protiv COVID-19 kod HIV-inficiranih bilo kojom od dostupnih vakcina.

 

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Objavljeno
2025/04/29
Broj časopisa
Vol. 82 Br. 04 (2025): Vojnosanitetski pregled
Rubrika
Originalni članak