Urinary KIM-1 and AQP-1 in patients with clear renal cell carcinoma: Potential noninvasive biomarkers

Mirjana M Mijušković; Ivan Stanojević; Novak Milović; Snežana Cerović; Dejan Petrović; Dragan Jovanović; Predrag Aleksić; Božidar Kovačević; Tamara Andjelić; Brankica Terzić; Mirjana Djukić; Danilo Vojvodić

doi:10.2298/7608

Mirjana M Mijušković Clinic of Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
Ivan Stanojević Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Novak Milović Clinic of Urology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
Snežana Cerović Institute of Pathology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
Dejan Petrović Clinic of Urology, Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Dragan Jovanović Clinic of Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
Predrag Aleksić Clinic of Urology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
Božidar Kovačević Institute of Pathology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Tamara Andjelić Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Brankica Terzić Clinic of Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Mirjana Djukić Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Danilo Vojvodić Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/7608

Keywords: kidney neoplasms, diagnosis, biological markers, urine, nephrectomy,

Abstract

Background/Aim. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) are potential early urinary biomarkers of clear renal cell carcinoma (cRCC). The aim of this study was to ascertain relationship between the urine concentrations KIM-1 and AQP-1 with tumor size, grade, pT stage and type of operation (radical or partial nephrectomy) in patients with cRCC. Methods. Urinary concentrations of urinary KIM-1 (uKIM-1) and urinary AQP-1 (uAQP-1) were determined by commercially available ELISA kits. The analysis included 40 patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy for cRCC and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy adult volunteers. Results. The median preoperative concentrations of KIM-1 in the cRCC group [0.724 ± 1.120 ng/mg urinary creatinine (Ucr)] were significantly greater compared with controls (healthy volunteers) (0.210 ± 0.082 ng/mgUcr) (p = 0.0227). Postoperatively, uKIM-1 concentration decreased significantly to control values (0.177 ± 0.099 ng/mgUcr vs 0.210 ± 0.082 ng/mgUcr, respectively). The size, grade and stage of tumor were correlated positively with preoperative uKIM-1 concentrations. Contrary to these results, concentrations of uAQP-1 in the cRCC group were significantly lower (0.111 ± 0.092 ng/mgUcr) compared with the control group (0.202 ± 0.078 ng/mgUcr) (p = 0.0014). Postoperatively, the concentrations of uAQP-1 increased progressively up to control values, approximately. We find no significant correlation between preoperative uAQP-1 concentrations and tumor size, grade and stage. Conclusion. uKIM-1 was found to be a reliable diagnostic marker of cRCC, based on its significantly increased values before and decreased values after the nephrectomy.

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