Uticaj potrošača na održivu dekarbonizaciju budućeg elektroenergetskog sistema

Vladimir Šiljkut

doi:10.5937/zeint31-34268

Vladimir Šiljkut JP Elektroprivreda Srbije doo Beograd

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint31-34268

Ključne reči: dekarbonizacija, fosilna goriva, kapacitet, odziv, potrošnja, proizvodnja

Sažetak

Zaštita životne sredine i održivi razvoj uslovljavaju kvalitativni pomeraj ka čistijim tehnologijama u oblasti elektroenergetike. Zemljama sa proizvodnjom električne energije iz fosilnih goriva upitna je buduća energetska nezavisnost i sigurnost snabdevanja krajnjih korisnika. Stoga je neophodno istražiti sve moguće opcije budućeg razvoja, ne samo kao međusobno alternativne, nego i uvažavajući njihov sinergijski potencijal u nadoknađivanju deficita električne energije koji će nastati gašenjem elektrana na fosilna goriva. Potrebno je međusobno usaglasiti razvoj i primenu različitih rešenja. Na primer, veliki udeo obnovljivih izvora energije sa izrazito varijabilnom proizvodnjom, bez prisustva značajnih kapaciteta za skladištenje energije ili drugih izvora koji mogu kompenzovati ove brze fluktuacije snage, uzrokuje probleme u balansiranju sistema i narušavanje njegove fleksibilnost i stabilnosti. Među nosećim stubovima sigurnog i dekarbonizovanog elektroenergetskog sistema posebna pažnja biće posvećena mogućoj ulozi i doprinosu potrošača; povećanju njihove energetske efikasnosti, korišćenju toplotnog kapaciteta zgrada, odzivu potrošnje i direktnom upravljanju potrošnjom.

Reference

[1] Miljević, D., „Investments into the past – An analysis of Direct Subsidies to Coal and Lignite Electricity Production in the Energy Community Contracting Parties 2018–2019“, Report, available (2020-12-03) at: https://www.energy-community.org/dam/jcr:482f1098-0853-422b-be93-2ba7cf222453/Miljevi%C4%87_Coal_Report_122020.pdf
[2] Čabarkapa, R., Šiljkut, V.M., Komatina, D., Tomašević, M: „Uticaj tržišnih cena električne energije na isplativost buduće reverzibilne hidroelektrane u Srbiji“, ENERGETIKA 2021, Zlatibor, juni 2021.
[3] „A European long-term strategic vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy“, (recommendation, European Commission, COM (2018) 773)
[4] Z. Ming, L. Chen, Z. Lisha: „Progress and prospective on the police system of renewable energy in China“, Elsevier, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 2013, (20), pp. 36–44.
[5] P. Denholm, E. Ela, B. Kirby, et al.: „The role of energy storage with renewable electricity generation“ (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Jan. 2010), (NREL/TP-6A2-47187).
[6] Lee, B. S., Gushee, D.: „Massive electricity storage, An AIChE White Paper“ (American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2008).
[7] Kusakana, K.: „Optimal scheduling for distributed hybrid system with pumped hydro storage“, Energy Conversion and Management, 2016, (111), pp. 253–260.
[8] Kocaman, A.S., Modi, V.: „Value of pumped hydro storage in a hybrid energy generation and allocation system“, Applied Energy, 2017, (205), pp. 1202–1215
[9] Kapsali, M., Anagnostopoulos, J.S.: „Investigating the role of local pumped-hydro energy storage in interconnected island grids with high wind power generation“, Renewable Energy, 2017, (114), pp. 614-628
[10] C. W. Gellings, „The Smart Grid: Enabling Energy Efficiency and Demand Response“, The Fairmont Press, Inc., Lilburn, USA, 2009, Chapters: 7, 10, 12, 13
[11] N. Belonogova, T. Kaipia, J. Lassila, J. Partanen, „Demand response: Conflict between distribution system operator and retailer“, CIRED 21st International Conference on Electricity Distribution, Frankfurt, 2011, Paper No. 1085
[12] Vladimir M. Šiljkut: „Upravljanje potrošnjom u inteligentnim energetskim mrežama sa varijabilnom proizvodnjom“, doktorska disertacija, Elektrotehnički fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, 2015, dostupno na: https://www.etf.bg.ac.rs/uploads/files/javni_uvid/izvestaji/doktorske/2015/Vladimir_Siljkut_disertacija.pdf
[13] V. Shiljkut, N. Rajakovic, „Demand response capacity estimation in various supply areas“, - Energy (2015), Vol. 92, Part 3, pp. 476-486, DOI information: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.007
[14] Maksimovich, S., Shiljkut, V.: „The Peak Load Forecasting Afterwards Its Intensive Reduction”, - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.24, No.3, pp. 1552-1559, July 2009, (ISSN 0885-8977)
[15] N. Rajakovic, V. Shiljkut, „Long-term forecasting of annual peak load considering effects of demand-side programs“, - Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 6 (3) (2017), DOI information: 10.1007/s40565-017-0328-6
[16] N. Rajaković, V. Shiljkut, D. Misović, S. Milosavljević, „Power Transformer Monitoring and AMR System Support for Combined Operation of Distributed RES and Demand Side Management“, CIRED Workshop 2014, Rome, paper No. 103
[17] N. Rajaković, V. Shiljkut, „Determination of the Amount of Cost-effective DSM/DR Module“, MedPower 2014, Athens, paper No. 113
[18] V. Shiljkut, N. Rajaković, „Modelling programs for load management using energy storing capacity of buildings“, MedPower 2016 Belgrade, Serbia, Paper No. 025; DOI: 10.1049/cp.2016.1003
[19] V. Shiljkut, N. Rajaković, „Determination of optimal number of RES units in a smart low voltage grid with demand response program’s application“, SEE SDEWES 2016, Piran, Slovenia, Paper No. 183