ПРОБЛЕМИ КВАЛИФИКАЦИЈЕ И РАДНОПРАВНЕ ЗАШТИТЕ „ДИГИТАЛНИХ РАДНИКА“
Ključne reči:
дигиталне платформе, „дигитални радници“, економски зависни радници
Sažetak
Једна од главних промена у свету рада током протекле деценије била је појава рада преко дигиталних платформи. Из перспективе радног права, феномен рада који се обавља преко дигиталних платформи отвара ново поглавље у вековном проблему одређивања (персоналног) подручја примене радног законодавства: да ли се „дигитални радници“ могу квалификовати као запослени те, у складу с тим, заслужују ли радноправну заштиту у распону од права на минималну зараду и ограничено радно време до права на заштиту од незаконитог отказа и колективних права? Да ли су они независни уговарачи, који послују за свој рачун, па могу бити препуштени грубим падовима тржишта или, пак, обављају нови облик рада па заслужују посебaн правни статус и регулаторни апарат?У овом раду покушаћемо да дамо одговоре на бар нека од ових питања, анализирајући, најпре, основна обележја „дигиталног рада“, а, потом, и могуће начине квалификације и радноправне заштите „дигиталних радника“.
Reference
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Davidov, G. (2016). A Purposive Approach to Labour Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Doherty, M. (2009). When the Working Day is Through: the End of Work as Identity?. Work, Employment and Society. Volume 23. Issue 1. 1-18.
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Perulli, А. (2020). The legal and jurisprudential evolution of the notion of employee. European Labour Law Journal. Vol. 11. No. 2. 117-130.
Prassl, J. Risak, M. (2016). UBER, TASKRABBIT, & CO: Platforms as employers? Rethinking the legal analysis of crowdwork. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, Forthcoming Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper. No. 8. 1-30.
Rosioru, F. (2013).The changing concept of subordination. Cluj-Napoca: Babes-Bolyai University.
Supiot, A. (1992). L’identité professionnelle. У Savatier, J. (Прир.). Les tendances sociales du droit contemporain. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Schoukens, P. Barrio, A. (2017). The changing concept of work: When does typical work become atypical?“. European Labour Law Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4.
Felstiner, A. (2011). Working the Crowd: Employment and Labor Law in the Crowdsourcing Industry. Berkeley Journal оf Employment & Labor Law. Vol. 32. No. 1. 143-204.
Freedland, М. Kountouris, N. (2011). The Legal Construction of Personal Work Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harris, S. Krueger, A. (2015). A Proposal for Modernizing Labor Laws for Twenty-First-Century Work: The ‘Independent worker’. Discussion Paper 2015 - 10. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
Howe, J. (2006а). The Rise of Crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine. Issue 14.06.2006. Преузето 10.5.2020. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds_pr.html
Howe, J. (2006б). Crowdsourcing: A Definition, Crowdsourcing. Преузето 10.5.2020. https://crowdsourcing.typepad.com/cs/2006/06/crowdsourcing_a.html
Commission of the European Communities. (2007). Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee Of The Regions - Outcome of the Public Consultation on the Commission’s Green Paper “Modernising labour law to meet the challenges of the 21st century. COM (2007) 627 final. Brussels.
Davidov, G. (2014). Setting Labour Law’s Coverage: Between Universalism and Selectivity. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 34, No. 3. 543–566.
Davidov, G. (2016). A Purposive Approach to Labour Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Davies, A.C.L. (2009). Perspectives on Labour Law. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy Department A: Employment Policy. (2013). Social protection rights of economically dependent self-employed workers. IZA Research Report, No. 54. European Union.
Do Rosário Palma Ramalho, M. (2016). Tratado de Direito do Trabalho, Parte II - Situações Laborais Individuais (6ª ed.). Almedina: Coimbra.
Doherty, M. (2009). When the Working Day is Through: the End of Work as Identity?. Work, Employment and Society. Volume 23. Issue 1. 1-18.
Engblom, S. (2003). Self-employment and the Personal Scope of Labour Law - Comparative Lessons from France, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States, Florence: European University Institute, Department of Law.
Estellés-Arolas, E. González-Ladrón-de-Guevara, F. (2012). Towards an integrated crowdsourcing definition. Journal of Information Science. XX (X). 1-14.
European Commission. (2016). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - A European agenda for the collaborative economy. COM (2016) 356 final. Brussels.
International Labour Organization. (2014). International Classification by Status in Employment (ICSE). Преузето 6.5.2020.
https://ilostat.ilo.org/ resources/methods/ classification-status-at-work.
Kässi, O. Lehdonvirta, V. (2016). Online labour index: Measuring the online gig economy for policy and research, Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute.
Kaufman, W. (2008). Crowdsourcing Turns Business On Its Head, NPR radio broadcast. Electronic version. Преузето 15.10.2020.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93495217.
Kitching, J. Smallbone, D. (2008). Defining and estimating the size of the UK freelance workforce, London: Kingston University.
Ковачевић, Љ. (2013). Правна субординација у радном односу и њене границе. Београд: Правни факултета Уноверзитета у Београду.
Lobel, O. (2016). The gig economy & the future of employment and labor law. Research Paper Series 16-223. San Diego: University of San Diego School of Law Legal Studies.
Lokiec, P. (2004). The scope of Labour Law and the notion of employee: Aspects of French Labour Law. U Araki, T. и Ouchi, S. (Прир.). The Mechanism for Establishing and Changing terms and Conditions of Employment/The scope of Labour Law and the Notion of Employees. Tokyo: The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training.
McKeown, Tui. (2015). What’s in a Name? The Value of ‘Entrepreneurs’ Compared to ‘Self- Employed’… But What about ‘Freelancing’ or ‘IPro’?. International Review of Entrepreneurship. Vol. 13. No. 103-116.
McKinsey Global Institute. (2015). A labour market that works: Connecting talent with oppurtunity in the digital age, Executive Summary.
Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on „New trends in self-employed work: the specific case of economically dependent self-employed work“ (own-initiative opinion). Official Journal of the European Union, C 18, 19.1.2011.
Pennings, F. (2011). The Protection of Working Relationships in the Netherlands. У Pennings, F. и Bosse, C. (Прир.). The Protection of Working Relationships: A Comparative Study. Kluwer Law International.
Perulli, А. (2020). The legal and jurisprudential evolution of the notion of employee. European Labour Law Journal. Vol. 11. No. 2. 117-130.
Prassl, J. Risak, M. (2016). UBER, TASKRABBIT, & CO: Platforms as employers? Rethinking the legal analysis of crowdwork. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, Forthcoming Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper. No. 8. 1-30.
Rosioru, F. (2013).The changing concept of subordination. Cluj-Napoca: Babes-Bolyai University.
Supiot, A. (1992). L’identité professionnelle. У Savatier, J. (Прир.). Les tendances sociales du droit contemporain. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Schoukens, P. Barrio, A. (2017). The changing concept of work: When does typical work become atypical?“. European Labour Law Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4.
Felstiner, A. (2011). Working the Crowd: Employment and Labor Law in the Crowdsourcing Industry. Berkeley Journal оf Employment & Labor Law. Vol. 32. No. 1. 143-204.
Freedland, М. Kountouris, N. (2011). The Legal Construction of Personal Work Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harris, S. Krueger, A. (2015). A Proposal for Modernizing Labor Laws for Twenty-First-Century Work: The ‘Independent worker’. Discussion Paper 2015 - 10. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
Howe, J. (2006а). The Rise of Crowdsourcing. Wired Magazine. Issue 14.06.2006. Преузето 10.5.2020. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds_pr.html
Howe, J. (2006б). Crowdsourcing: A Definition, Crowdsourcing. Преузето 10.5.2020. https://crowdsourcing.typepad.com/cs/2006/06/crowdsourcing_a.html
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2021/07/05
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