ВИДЕО НАДЗОР И ВЕШТАЧКА ИНТЕЛИГЕНЦИЈА: УТИЦАЈ НА ПРАВО НА ПРИВАТНОСТ И ПРАВА ИНТЕЛЕКТУАЛНЕ СВОЈИНЕ
Ključne reči:
video nadzor, tehnologija za prepoznavanja lica, veštačka inteligencija, intelektualna svojina, Opšta uredba o zaštiti podataka (GDPR)
Sažetak
Заштита права на приватност је све више представља кључно питање у контексту у видео надзора који се данас ефикасно обавља употребом врхунских савремених технологија. Технологија се непрестано развија и доприноси унапређењу у разним областима живота, међутим, брзи развој нових технологија доноси и велике ризике и потенцијалне претње, нарочито када су у те процесе укључене технологије попут вештачке интелигенције (паметне камере и системи видео надзора, биометрија и препознавање лица) које су у стању да анализирају огромну количину података, идентификују везе између података, и открију тачан идентитет појединца.
Употреба видео камера за надзор покреће важна питања приватности. Даљинска барометријска идентификација се може извршити само уз поштовање одређених гаранција људксих права, у контексту оправданог интереса и у складу са принципом пропорционалности. Технологија препознавања лица је свеприсутна (у редовима за чекирање на аеродрому, полицијским управана, апотекама) мада последњих година постаје све конторверзнија тема, нарочито у погледу заштите људских оправа и слобода. Иако употреба савремених технологија може допринети осећају сигурности и удобности ентитета који је примењују, заговорници приватности увелико критикују употребу ове технологије, посебно због расне пристрасности и могућности злоупотребе. Сматра се да употреба биометријске идентификације појединаца у „реалном времену“ и у јавним просторима, у сврху спровођења полицијских овлашћења, представља повреду људских права и слобода, али такође даје осећај сталног надзора и индиректно обесхрабрује остваривање слободе окупљања и других основних људских права.
Још један важан проблем је употреба видео надзора у контексту повреде права интелектуалне својине. Неовлашћена употреба видео/аудио снимака може утицати пословање привредног субјекта или појединца. Пословне тајне и поверљиве информације су често суштински део пословног порфолија интелектуалне својине неке компаније. Због тога компаније предузимају додатне заштитне мере како би осигурале да слике и видео записи буду безбедно ускладиштене и доступне само овлашћеном особљу. Камерама се снимају слике уметничких дела, приредбе, представе, изложбе, итд., тако да неконтролисани приступ може довести до кршења ауторских и сродних права. Снимљени видео записи се затим могу поставити на интернет платформе, па таква употреба интелектуалне својине може довести до кршења ауторских права, посебно када се видео материјал заштићен ауторским правима користи без дозволе власника или аутора, што представља кршење права интелектуалне својине.
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Case law
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ECtHR case: S. and Marper v. the United Kingdom, Appl. no 30562/04, Strasbourg, December 2008, para.103).
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ECtHR case: Antović and Mirković v. Montenegro, Application no 70838/13 Judgment 28 November 2017.
ECtHR case: Bărbulescu v. Romania Application no 61496/08, Judgment 5 September 2017.
ECtHR, Peck v. the United Kingdom, Application no 44647/98, Judgment 28 January 2003;
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