DINAPENIJA – POJAM, UZROCI I POSLEDICE
Sažetak
Produženi životni vek predstavlja jedno od najznačajnijih dostignuća čovečanstva, ali i ogromne izazove. Biološko starenje čoveka je povezano sa uobičajenim procesom smanjenja fizičkih sposobnosti i do smanjenja kapaciteta organizma. Jedna od najizraženijih posledica smanjenja fizičkih sposobnosti je pojava kretnih ograničenja. Fizičke sposobnosti blisko su povezane sa mišićnom snagom, a ona se smanjuje sa starenjem. Smanjenje mišićne snage je značajan faktor narušavanja javnog zdravlja i može biti uzrok poremećaja mehanike hoda, padova, preloma zgloba kuka, kao i gubljenja sposobnosti samostalnog izvođenja osnovnih dnevnih aktivnosti. Ranije se smatralo da je smanjenje mišićne snage u odraslom dobu rezultat atrofije mišićnog tkiva, karakteristične za taj uzrast. Međutim, nedavne longitudinalne i eksperimentalne studije jasno ukazuju da atrofija mišića ima relativno mali doprinos smanjenju mišićne snage, i da drugi fiziološki faktori, nezavisni od veličine tkiva, imaju veću i važniju ulogu u predviđanju nastanka mišićne slabosti (dinapenije). U toku procesa starenja, smanjenje mišićne snage je značajno izraženije u odnosu na smanjenje mišićne mase. Trening sa otporom je efikasno sredstvo u poboljšanju snage i veličine mišića zdravih odraslih osoba. Dobro je dokumentovano da takav trening utiče pozitivno na poboljšanje mobilnosti, stabilnosti, brzine mišićne kontrakcije, veličine primenjene sile, itd. Ipak, smernice o treningu sa otporom odraslih osoba sa izraženom mišićnom slabošću nisu dovoljno precizne i detaljne. Kako bi se takav trening uspešno primenio i kod osoba za smanjenom mišićnom snagom, potrebne su dugoročne kontrolisane studije sa evaluacijom bioloških faktora smanjenja mišićne snage, a sve u kontekstu razvoja efikasnog programa intevencije i prevencije tretmana ovog stanja.
Ključne reči: dinapenija, starenje, kretna ograničenja.
Reference
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