Akademski uspon koncepta „15-minutnog grada” kao odgovor na izazove pandemije COVID-19

Milena  Vukmirović

doi:10.5937/a-u0-52408

Milena Vukmirović Univerzitet u Beogradu-Šumarski fakultet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0239-3157

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-52408

Ključne reči: 15-минутни град, квалитет живота у урбаним срединама, урбани развој, COVID-19, одрживост

Sažetak

Pandemija COVID-19 istakla je brojne strukturne nedostatke u savremenim gradovima, uklјučujući nejednak pristup osnovnim uslugama i nedovolјno razvijenu infrastrukturu za lokalne zajednice. Kao odgovor na ove izazove, koncept „15-minutnog grada”, koji omogućava da se sve svakodnevne potrebe zadovolјe unutar 15 minuta hoda ili vožnje biciklom, postao je važan predmet istraživanja u urbanističkom planiranju. Ovaj rad analizira rastuću popularnost i naučni značaj koncepta, koristeći podatke iz Scopus baze koji sadrže pojam „15-minutni grad”. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju značajan porast akademskog interesovanja nakon 2020. godine, što se može dovesti u vezu sa izazovima koje je pandemija donela. Istraživanje obuhvata analizu publikacija u različitim naučnim oblastima, poput društvenih nauka, tehničkih disciplina i nauka o životnoj sredini, te se osvrće na primenu koncepta u gradovima gde je pandemija COVID-19 poslužila kao katalizator za usvajanje održivijih urbanih modela. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je koncept „15-minutnog grada” postao centralna tema u urbanističkim raspravama, zahvalјujući svojoj interdisciplinarnoj prirodi koja objedinjuje društvene, ekonomske i ekološke aspekte, i predstavlјa značajan korak ka stvaranju otpornih i pristupačnih gradskih sredina.

Biografija autora

Milena Vukmirović, Univerzitet u Beogradu-Šumarski fakultet

Vanredni profesor

Reference

Alberti, F., Radicchi, A. 2023. From the Neighbourhood Unit to the 15-Minute City. Past and Recent Urban Models for Post-COVID Cities. Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation, 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20995-6_15.

Allam, Z., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Chabaud, D., Moreno, C. 2022. The 15-minute city offers a new framework for sustainability, liveability, and health. The Lancet Planetary Health, 6(3), 181–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00014-6.

Allam, Z., Moreno, C., Chabaud, D., Pratlong, F. 2023. Proximity-Based Planning and the “15-Minute City”: A Sustainable Model for the City of the Future. In: Brinkmann, R. (eds). The Palgrave Handbook of Global Sustainability. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 1523–1542. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_178-1.

Allam, Z., Chabaud, D., Gall, C., Pratlong, F., Moreno, C. 2023. Chapter 9-Redefining investable infrastructure in developing nations in a postpandemic era: the case of the 15-Minute City. Resilient and Sustainable Cities: Research, Policy and Practice, 135–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91718-6.00001-3.

Basbas, S., Campisi, T., Papas, T., Trouva, M., Tesoriere, G. 2023. The 15-Minute City Model: The Case of Sicily during and after COVID-19. Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, 25(2), 83-92, http://komunikacie.uniza.sk/doi/10.26552/com.C.2023.021.html.

Boulanger, S.O.M. 2022. The Roadmap to Smart Cities: A Bibliometric Literature Review on Smart Cities’ Trends before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Energies, 15(24) , 9326. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249326.

C40 Cities 2020. Mayors launch a green and just COVID-19 recovery plan & demand national governments end fossil fuel subsidies, C40 Cities.

C40 Mayors 2020. Agenda for Green and Just Recovery, C40.

Cai, S., Tan, W. 2022. Strategies for building resilience of 15-minute community life circles from the perspective of pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Impacts, 5(3), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.2495/EI-V5-N3-249-258.

Caprotti, F., Duarte, C., Joss, S. 2024a. The 15-minute city as paranoid urbanism: Ten critical reflections. Cities, 155, 105497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105497.

Chanson, G., Sakka, E. 2023. Coworking and the 15-Minute City. Resilient and Sustainable Cities: Research, Policy and Practice, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91718-6.00003-7.

Córdoba-Hernández, R., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Hernández-Aja, A., Sánchez-Toscano Salgado, G., Gómez-Giménez, J. M. 2020. Urban areas in front of neighborhoods. Analysis of urban characteristics in the face of the challenge of the post-COVID 19 city: The case of Madrid. / Áreas Urbanas frente a Barrios: análisis de las características urbanas ante el reto de la ciudad post-COVID19: el caso de Madrid. Ciudad y Territorio Estudios Territoriales, 52(205), 665–684, https://doi.org/10.37230/CyTET.2020.205.13.2.

Deshpande, R., Vijay Patel, S., Weijenberg, C., Nisztuk, M., Corcuera, M., Luo, J., Zhu, Q. 2023. Generative Pre-trained Transformers for 15-minute City Design, in: Koh, I., Reinhardt, D., Makki, M., Khakhar, M., Bao, N.(Eds) Human-Centric: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA). Hong Kong: The Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, 595–604, http://hdl.handle.net/10453/170663.

Enab, D., Zawawi, Z., Mounajjed, N. 2024. Exploring an Architectural Paradigm for the 15-minute City Planning Model: Towards Reforming Gaps of Services in Nablus. An-Najah University Journal for Research - A (Natural Sciences), 38(1), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.38.1.2164.

Fayyaz, M., González-González, E., Nogués, S. 2022. Autonomous Mobility: A Potential Opportunity to Reclaim Public Spaces for People. Sustainability, 14 (3), 1568, https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031568.

Gaglione, F., Gargiulo, C., Zucaro, F., Cottrill,C. 2022. Urban accessibility in a 15-minute city: a measure in the city of Naples, Italy. Transportation Research Procedia, 60, 378–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.12.049.

Gallarday, S.T., Valdivia Loro, A. 2023. Quality of Life Metrics in Terms of Facilities and Urban Reputation: A Case Study in the City of Ventanilla, Lima Peru. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 11(1), 372–380. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2023.110129.

Geropanta, V., Porreca, R. 2024. The Concept of Proximity in Post-pandemic Architectural Thinking: 15-Minute City and Superblocks. In: Manahasa, E., Naselli, F., Yunitsyna, A. (eds) COVID-19 (Forced) Innovations. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham, 23-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56607-3_3.

Giles-Corti, B., Foster, S., Lynch, B., Lowe, M. 2023. What are the lessons from COVID-19 for creating healthy, sustainable, resilient future cities? npj Urban Sustainability, 3, 29, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-023-00107-y.

Ibrišimbegović, S., Mutevelić, N. 2021. Social, economic and environmental impacts of the pandemic on architecture: New spatial and educational grammars. SAJ − Serbian Architectural Journal, 13(2), 131–148. https://doi.org/10.5937/saj2102131I.

Isaac, C. 2024. An Integral Sustainable Design Framework to Evaluate Transferability of the 15-Minute City to Developing Cities: The Case of Blantyre, Malawi. In: Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation. Springer, Cham, 153–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49495-6_12 .

Khavarian-Garmsir, A.R., Sharifi, A, Sadeghi, A. 2023. The 15-minute city: Urban planning and design efforts toward creating sustainable neighborhoods. Cities, 132, 104101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104101.

Kim, Y., Lee, S. 2025. Neighborhood-level determining factors of travel distance by trip purpose: Policy implications for the N-minute city. Cities, 156, 105464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105464.

Li, Y., Chai, Y., Chen, Z., Li, C. 2023. From lockdown to precise prevention: Adjusting epidemic-related spatial regulations from the perspectives of the 15-minute city and spatiotemporal planning. Sustainable Cities and Society, 92,104490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104490.

Liu, D., Kwan, Mei-Po, Kan, Z., Wang, J. 2022. Toward a Healthy Urban Living Environment: Assessing 15-Minute Green-Blue Space Accessibility. Sustainability,14 (24), 16914, https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416914.

Ludlow, D., Khan, Z., Chrysoulakis, N., Mitraka, Z. 2023. Towards Digital-Twin solutions for the 15 minute city. 2023 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event, JURSE 2023 [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE57346.2023.10144161.

Mackness, K., White, I., Barrett, P. 2022. 20-Minute Neighborhoods: Opportunities and Challenges. In: Handbook of Sustainability Science in the Future. Springer, Cham, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68074-9_172-1.

Maestosi, P.C., Andreucci, M.B., Civiero, P. 2021. Sustainable Urban Areas for 2030 in a Post-COVID-19 Scenario: Focus on Innovative Research and Funding Frameworks to Boost Transition towards 100 Positive Energy Districts and 100 Climate-Neutral Cities. Energies, 14 (1), 216, https://doi.org/10.3390/en14010216.

Marchigiani, E., Bonfantini, B. 2022. Urban Transition and the Return of Neighbourhood Planning. Questioning the Proximity Syndrome and the 15-Minute City. Sustainability 14(9),5468,https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095468.

Marín, P., Palomares Pastor, M. 2020. En un entorno de 15 minutos. Hacia la Ciudad de Proximidad, y su relación con el Covid-19 y la Crisis Climática. El caso de Málaga. Ciudad y territorio: Estudios territoriales, (205), 685–700. https://doi.org/10.37230/CyTET.2020.205.13.3.

Marquet, O., Anguelovski , I., Nello-Deakin, S., Honey-Rosés, J. 2024. Decoding the 15-Minute City Debate: Conspiracies, Backlash, and Dissent in Planning for Proximity. Journal of the American Planning Association [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2024.2346596.

Marvin, S., McFarlane, C., Guma, P., Hodson, M., Lockhart, A., McGuirk, P., McMeekin, A., Ortiz, C., Simone, AM, Wiig, A. 2023. Post-pandemic cities: An urban lexicon of accelerations/decelerations. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 48(3), 452–473. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12607.

Mihailova, D., Vance, C. 2024. Promoting active transportation: A comparative assessment of paths and prices. Transportation, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-024-10520-6.

Misztal, M. 2023. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the daily mobility of Warsaw residents. Prace i Studia Geograficzne, 68(3), 23–37.

Mocák, P., Matlovičová, K., Matlovič, R., Pénzes, J., Pachura , P., Mishra, P.K., Kostilníková, K., Demková, M. 2022. 15-minute City Concept as a Sustainable Urban Development Alternative: a Brief Outline of Conceptual Frameworks and Slovak Cities as a Case. Folia Geographica, 64(1), 69–89.

Moore-Cherry, N., Andersen, C.S., Kayanan, C.M. 2023. Engaging 15-minute cities as a new development model: The potential of waterford city. Urban Planning for the City of the Future: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-215-520231008.

Moreno, C., Allam, Z., Chabaud, D., Gall, C., Pratlong, F. 2021. Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities. Smart Cities, 4(1), 93-111, 4(1), https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010006.

Mullachery, P.H., Li, R., Melly, S., Kolker, J., Barber, S., Diez Roux, A.V., Bilal, U. 2022. Inequities in spatial accessibility to COVID-19 testing in 30 large US cities. Social Science & Medicine, 310, 115307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115307.

MVRDV. 2018. MVRDV - Vanke 3D City, MVRDV official webpage. Available at: https://www.mvrdv.com/projects/370/vanke-3d-city.

Patimisco, L., Annunziata, A., Murgante, B. 2024. Spatial and Configurational Analysis for the Implementation of the 15-Minute City Model. The Case Study of Perugia, Italy. In: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer, Cham, 681–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54118-6_60.

Pinto, F., Akhavan, M. 2022. Scenarios for a Post-Pandemic City: urban planning strategies and challenges of making “Milan 15-minutes city”. Transportation Research Procedia, 60, 370–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.12.048.

Pisano, C. 2020. Strategies for Post-COVID Cities: An Insight to Paris En Commun and Milano 2020. Sustainability, 12 (15), 5883, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12155883.

Pozoukidou, G., Angelidou, M. 2022. Urban Planning in the 15-Minute City: Revisited under Sustainable and Smart City Developments until 2030. Smart Cities, 5(4), 1356–1375, https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5040069.

Pozoukidou, G., Chatziyiannaki, Z. 2021. 15-Minute City: Decomposing the New Urban Planning Eutopia. Sustainability, 13 (2), 928, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020928.

Ratti, C., Florida, R. 2021. The 15-minute city meets human needs but leaves desires wanting, World Economic Forum. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/11/15minute-city-falls-short/ (Accessed: 23 July 2024).

Salih, N.M.M., Hussein, S.H. 2021. Cities after pandemic: enabling social distancing as a new design standard to achieve urban immunity. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum, 20(4), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.6825.

Sharifi, A., Khavarian-Garmsir, A.R. 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management. The Science of the Total Environment, 749, 142391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142391.

Song, G., He, X., Kong, Y., Li, K., Song, H., Zhai, S., Luo, J. 2022. Improving the Spatial Accessibility of Community-Level Healthcare Service toward the “15-Minute City” Goal in China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(8), 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080436.

Technical University of Munich. 2022. Urban Mobility Next 9. ±15-Minute City: Human-Centred Planning in Action. Mobility for more liveable urban spaces. Barcelona: EIT Urban Mobility.

Teller, J. 2021. Urban density and Covid-19: towards an adaptive approach. Buildings and Cities, 2(1), 150–165. https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.89.

United Nations. 2022. World Cities Report 2022: Envisaging the Future of Cities. Nairobi: UN-Habitat.

Valderrama, N.M.F., Luque-Valdivia, J., Aseguinolaza-Braga, I. 2020. The 15 minutes-city, a sustainable solution for postCOVID19 cities? La ciudad del cuarto de hora, ¿una solución sostenible para la ciudad postCOVID-19? Ciudad y Territorio Estudios Territoriales, 2020, 52(205), 653–664.

Vázquez, D.E., Berardo, M.D. 2023. Is there a post-COVID urban model? The pandemic as a catalyst of urban transformations in Buenos Aires. Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, (75), 57–80. https://doi.org/10.17141/iconos.75.2023.5498.

Vlahov, D., Kurth, A. 2024. The “15-Minute City” Concept in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Climate Change. Journal of Urban Health, 101(4), 669–671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-024-00897-1.

Wu, F. 2023. Assessing Spatial Accessibility to Public Facilities for Vulnerable People Towards 15-minute City in Hong Kong’, in: Koh, I., Reinhardt, D., Makki, M., Khakhar, M., Bao, N.(Eds) Human-Centric: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA). Hong Kong: The Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, 535–544. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.1.535.