Giant Epithelial Cysts of the Spleen in Children: Report of two cases and  mini literature review:

Maja Zecevic; Zoran Marjanovic; Dragoljub Zivanovic; Goran Jankovic; Nikola Zivkovic; Zivojin Spasic; Strahinja Konstantinovic

doi:10.5937/afmnai42-50712

Maja Zecevic Klinika za dečju hirurgiju i ortopediju, Univerzitetski klinički centar Niš
Prof.dr Zoran Marjanovic Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedics and Traumatology University Clinical Center Nis, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis
Prof.dr Dragoljub Živanović Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedics and Traumatology University Clinical Center Nis, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis
dr Goran Janković Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedic and Traumatology University Clinic Nis
Prof.dr Nikola Zivkovic Pathology and Pathological Anatomy Center, University Clinical Centre Nis, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis
Mr.sci. med. dr Zivojin Spasic Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedic and Traumatology University Clinic Nis
dr Strahhinja Konstantinovic Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedic and Traumatology University Clinic Nis

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/afmnai42-50712

Keywords: Epithelial cysts, spleen, children

Abstract

Introduction: Cystic changes of the spleen are one of the rare clinical entities in the pediatric population.

Aim: The aim of this study is to present a partial splenectomy in children performed by open approach as a safe surgical treatment of gigant epithelial splenic cysts.

Material and methods: Medical documents and data referring to age, clinical features, findings on Ultrasonography and MRI, performed surgery, and follow-ups were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Also, a mini literature review was conducted. English and Serbian literature was searched on PubMed, Medline, and KoBson databases for terms: cysts, spleen, children, and surgery

Results: Two cases of giant epithelial cysts of the spleen in children are presented. Both of the patients complained of abdominal pain, the diagnosis was made on Ultrasound and confirmed by MRI. Open cystectomy with partial resection of the spleen was performed in both cases. There were no complications and no recurrence during the follow-up period. The literature review revealed that up to date only seven authors have published on this topic, and different treatment methods and results were reported.

Conclusion: Although very rare, splenic cysts should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of nonspecific pain or cystic formations in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. Taking into account the immunological role of the spleen, tissue preservation surgery should be the main goal. Open partial splenectomy which was performed in both patients was without intra or postoperative complications and uneventful follow-up and could be one of the safe management options.

Author Biographies

Prof.dr Zoran Marjanovic, Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedics and Traumatology University Clinical Center Nis, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis

Redovni profesor na katedri za hirurgiju, pomoćnik direktora i načelnik odeljenja za opštu dečju hirurgiju

Prof.dr Dragoljub Živanović, Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedics and Traumatology University Clinical Center Nis, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis

Vanredni profesor na katedri za hirurgiju Medicinskog fakulteta u Nišu

Prof.dr Nikola Zivkovic, Pathology and Pathological Anatomy Center, University Clinical Centre Nis, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis

Vanredni profesor na katedri za patologiju

References

1. Wootton-Gorges S, Thomas K, Harned R, Wu S, Stein-Wexler S et Strain J. Giant cystic abdominal masses in chilndren. Pediatric Radiol 2005; 35: 1277-1288. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-005-1559-7.
2. Urrutia M, Mergo PJ, Ros LH, Torres GM, Ros PR. Cysticmasses of the spleen: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radio-Graphics 1996; 16: 107-129. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.16.1.107
3. Celebi F, Balik AA, Salman AB, Oren D. Hydatid disease in childhood. Pediatr Surg Int 2002; 18(5-6): 417-419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-002-0847-7.
4. Valente AP, Barrabin H, Jorge RV, Paes MC, Scofano HM.Isolation and characterization of the Mg2(+)-ATPase from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranepreparations. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990; 1039: 297-304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838(90)90262-e.
5. Robbins FG, Yellin AE, Lingua RW, Craig JR, Turrill FL,Mikkelsen WP. Splenic epidermoid cysts. Ann Surg 1978; 187: 231-235. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-197803000-00002.
6. Kundal VK, Gajdhar M, Kundal R, Sharma C, Agrawal D,Meena A. Giant Epithelial Non-Parasitic Splenic Cyst. J Case Rep 2013; 3: 106-109. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17659/01.2013.0026.
7. Kaiwa Y, Kurokawa Y, Namiki K, et al. Laparoscopic partial splenectomies for true splenic cysts. A report of two cases. Surg Endosc 2000; 14: 865. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004640040011.
8. Jacobsen JD, Mathiesen MM, Mathiesen VM. Benign non-parasitic splenic cysts. Ugeskr Laeger. 1987; 149: 1379–1381.
9. Trondsen E, Naess PA, Erichsen A, et al. Laparoscopic treatment of splenic cysts. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002; 122: 906–907. PMID: 12082833
10. Morgenstern L. Nonparasitic splenic cysts:pathogenesis, classification and treatment. J am Coll Surg 2002; 19: 306–314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1072-7515(01)01178-4.
11. Burrig kF. Epithelial splenic cysts. Pathogenesis of themesothelial and so- called epidermoid cyst of the spleen. am J Surg Pathol 1988; 12: 275–281. PMID: 3354753
12. Robertson F, Leander P, Ekberg O. Radiology of the spleen. Eur Radiol 2001; 11: 80–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300000528.
13. Hansen MB, Moller AC. SPlenic Cysts. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2004; 14: 316-322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sle.0000148463.24028.0c.
14. Kimber C, Pierro A, Drake D et al. Hemisplenectomy forgiant splenic cysts in children. Pediatr Surg Int 1998; 14: 116–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003830050455.
15. Gezer HO, Oguzkurt P, Temiz A, Ince E, Ezer SS, Kocer NE, Demir S, Hicsonmez A. Spleen Slavaging Treatment Approaches in Non-parasitic Splenic Cysts in Childhood. Indian J Surg 2016; 78(4): 293-298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12262-015-1373-x.
16. Kenney CD, Hoeger YE, Yetasook AK, et al. Management ofnon-parasitic splenic cysts: does size really matter? JGastrointest Surg 2014; 18: 1658e1663. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-014-2545-x.
17. Fisher JC, Gurung B, Cowles RA. Recurrence after laparoscopicexcision of nonparasitic splenic cysts. J Pediatr Surg. 2008; 43: 1644e1648. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.12.052.
18. Karfis EA, Roustanis E, Tsimoyiannis EC. Surgical management of nonparasitic splenic cysts. JSLS 2009; 13(2): 207-212. PMID: 19660217; PMCID: PMC3015942.
19. Hansen MB, Moller AC. Splenic cysts. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2004; 14: 316–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sle.0000148463.24028.0c.
20. Smith ST, Scott DJ, Burdick JS, et al. Laparoscopic marsupialization and hemisplenectomy for splenic cysts. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2001; 11: 243–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/109264201750539781.
21. Marjanovic Z, Djordjevic I. Epidermoid splenic cysts in children and adolescents. Acta Chir Iugosl 2008; 55: 63–67.
22. Tsakayannis DE, Mitchell k, Kozakewich H.P.W, Shamberger RC. Splenic Preservation in the Management of Splenic Epidermoid Cysts in Children. J Pediatr Surg.1995(10): 1468-1470. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3468(95)90409-3.
23. Pang WB, Zhang TC, Chen YJ, Zhang JZ. Space-occupying benign lesions in spleen: experiences in a single institute. Pediatr Surg Int. 2009 ;25(1): 31-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-008-2258-x.
24. Calisti A, Perrotta ML, Molle P, Marrocco G, Miele V. Epithelial splenic cysts in children: surgical treatment by cyst-wall "peeling". Pediatr Surg Int. 2003; 19(4): 300-302. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-002-0879-z.
25. Zvizic Z, Karavdic K. Spleen-Preserving Surgery in Treatment of Large Mesothelial Splenic Cyst in Children - A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2013; 13 (2): 126-128. doi: https://doi.org/10.17305%2Fbjbms.2013.2395.
26. Hassoun J, Ortega G, Burkhalter LS, Josephs S, Qureshi FG. Management of nonparasitic splenic cysts in children. J Surg Res. 2018; 223: 142-148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.036.
27. Sinha CK, Agrawal M. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children:current status. Surgeon. 2011; 9: 49e53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2010.08.005.
28. Czauderna P, Vajda P, Schaarschmidt K, Kalman A, Jainsch M, Engelis A, Lewicki K, Verebely T, Koltai J, Petersons A, Pintér AB. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children: a multicentric study. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2006; 16(6): 415-419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924748.

1. Wootton-Gorges S, Thomas K, Harned R, Wu S, Stein-Wexler S et Strain J. Giant cystic abdominal masses in chilndren. Pediatric Radiol 2005; 35: 1277-1288. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-005-1559-7.
2. Urrutia M, Mergo PJ, Ros LH, Torres GM, Ros PR. Cysticmasses of the spleen: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radio-Graphics 1996; 16: 107-129. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.16.1.107
3. Celebi F, Balik AA, Salman AB, Oren D. Hydatid disease in childhood. Pediatr Surg Int 2002; 18(5-6): 417-419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-002-0847-7.
4. Valente AP, Barrabin H, Jorge RV, Paes MC, Scofano HM.Isolation and characterization of the Mg2(+)-ATPase from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranepreparations. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990; 1039: 297-304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838(90)90262-e.
5. Robbins FG, Yellin AE, Lingua RW, Craig JR, Turrill FL,Mikkelsen WP. Splenic epidermoid cysts. Ann Surg 1978; 187: 231-235. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-197803000-00002.
6. Kundal VK, Gajdhar M, Kundal R, Sharma C, Agrawal D,Meena A. Giant Epithelial Non-Parasitic Splenic Cyst. J Case Rep 2013; 3: 106-109. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17659/01.2013.0026.
7. Kaiwa Y, Kurokawa Y, Namiki K, et al. Laparoscopic partial splenectomies for true splenic cysts. A report of two cases. Surg Endosc 2000; 14: 865. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004640040011.
8. Jacobsen JD, Mathiesen MM, Mathiesen VM. Benign non-parasitic splenic cysts. Ugeskr Laeger. 1987; 149: 1379–1381.
9. Trondsen E, Naess PA, Erichsen A, et al. Laparoscopic treatment of splenic cysts. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002; 122: 906–907. PMID: 12082833
10. Morgenstern L. Nonparasitic splenic cysts:pathogenesis, classification and treatment. J am Coll Surg 2002; 19: 306–314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1072-7515(01)01178-4.
11. Burrig kF. Epithelial splenic cysts. Pathogenesis of themesothelial and so- called epidermoid cyst of the spleen. am J Surg Pathol 1988; 12: 275–281. PMID: 3354753
12. Robertson F, Leander P, Ekberg O. Radiology of the spleen. Eur Radiol 2001; 11: 80–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300000528.
13. Hansen MB, Moller AC. SPlenic Cysts. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2004; 14: 316-322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sle.0000148463.24028.0c.
14. Kimber C, Pierro A, Drake D et al. Hemisplenectomy forgiant splenic cysts in children. Pediatr Surg Int 1998; 14: 116–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003830050455.
15. Gezer HO, Oguzkurt P, Temiz A, Ince E, Ezer SS, Kocer NE, Demir S, Hicsonmez A. Spleen Slavaging Treatment Approaches in Non-parasitic Splenic Cysts in Childhood. Indian J Surg 2016; 78(4): 293-298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12262-015-1373-x.
16. Kenney CD, Hoeger YE, Yetasook AK, et al. Management ofnon-parasitic splenic cysts: does size really matter? JGastrointest Surg 2014; 18: 1658e1663. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-014-2545-x.
17. Fisher JC, Gurung B, Cowles RA. Recurrence after laparoscopicexcision of nonparasitic splenic cysts. J Pediatr Surg. 2008; 43: 1644e1648. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.12.052.
18. Karfis EA, Roustanis E, Tsimoyiannis EC. Surgical management of nonparasitic splenic cysts. JSLS 2009; 13(2): 207-212. PMID: 19660217; PMCID: PMC3015942.
19. Hansen MB, Moller AC. Splenic cysts. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2004; 14: 316–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sle.0000148463.24028.0c.
20. Smith ST, Scott DJ, Burdick JS, et al. Laparoscopic marsupialization and hemisplenectomy for splenic cysts. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2001; 11: 243–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/109264201750539781.
21. Marjanovic Z, Djordjevic I. Epidermoid splenic cysts in children and adolescents. Acta Chir Iugosl 2008; 55: 63–67.
22. Tsakayannis DE, Mitchell k, Kozakewich H.P.W, Shamberger RC. Splenic Preservation in the Management of Splenic Epidermoid Cysts in Children. J Pediatr Surg.1995(10): 1468-1470. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3468(95)90409-3.
23. Pang WB, Zhang TC, Chen YJ, Zhang JZ. Space-occupying benign lesions in spleen: experiences in a single institute. Pediatr Surg Int. 2009 ;25(1): 31-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-008-2258-x.
24. Calisti A, Perrotta ML, Molle P, Marrocco G, Miele V. Epithelial splenic cysts in children: surgical treatment by cyst-wall "peeling". Pediatr Surg Int. 2003; 19(4): 300-302. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-002-0879-z.
25. Zvizic Z, Karavdic K. Spleen-Preserving Surgery in Treatment of Large Mesothelial Splenic Cyst in Children - A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2013; 13 (2): 126-128. doi: https://doi.org/10.17305%2Fbjbms.2013.2395.
26. Hassoun J, Ortega G, Burkhalter LS, Josephs S, Qureshi FG. Management of nonparasitic splenic cysts in children. J Surg Res. 2018; 223: 142-148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.036.
27. Sinha CK, Agrawal M. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children:current status. Surgeon. 2011; 9: 49e53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2010.08.005.
28. Czauderna P, Vajda P, Schaarschmidt K, Kalman A, Jainsch M, Engelis A, Lewicki K, Verebely T, Koltai J, Petersons A, Pintér AB. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children: a multicentric study. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2006; 16(6): 415-419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924748.

1. Wootton-Gorges S, Thomas K, Harned R, Wu S, Stein-Wexler S et Strain J. Giant cystic abdominal masses in chilndren. Pediatric Radiol 2005; 35: 1277-1288. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-005-1559-7.
2. Urrutia M, Mergo PJ, Ros LH, Torres GM, Ros PR. Cysticmasses of the spleen: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radio-Graphics 1996; 16: 107-129. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.16.1.107
3. Celebi F, Balik AA, Salman AB, Oren D. Hydatid disease in childhood. Pediatr Surg Int 2002; 18(5-6): 417-419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-002-0847-7.
4. Valente AP, Barrabin H, Jorge RV, Paes MC, Scofano HM.Isolation and characterization of the Mg2(+)-ATPase from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranepreparations. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990; 1039: 297-304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838(90)90262-e.
5. Robbins FG, Yellin AE, Lingua RW, Craig JR, Turrill FL,Mikkelsen WP. Splenic epidermoid cysts. Ann Surg 1978; 187: 231-235. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-197803000-00002.
6. Kundal VK, Gajdhar M, Kundal R, Sharma C, Agrawal D,Meena A. Giant Epithelial Non-Parasitic Splenic Cyst. J Case Rep 2013; 3: 106-109. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17659/01.2013.0026.
7. Kaiwa Y, Kurokawa Y, Namiki K, et al. Laparoscopic partial splenectomies for true splenic cysts. A report of two cases. Surg Endosc 2000; 14: 865. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004640040011.
8. Jacobsen JD, Mathiesen MM, Mathiesen VM. Benign non-parasitic splenic cysts. Ugeskr Laeger. 1987; 149: 1379–1381.
9. Trondsen E, Naess PA, Erichsen A, et al. Laparoscopic treatment of splenic cysts. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002; 122: 906–907. PMID: 12082833
10. Morgenstern L. Nonparasitic splenic cysts:pathogenesis, classification and treatment. J am Coll Surg 2002; 19: 306–314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1072-7515(01)01178-4.
11. Burrig kF. Epithelial splenic cysts. Pathogenesis of themesothelial and so- called epidermoid cyst of the spleen. am J Surg Pathol 1988; 12: 275–281. PMID: 3354753
12. Robertson F, Leander P, Ekberg O. Radiology of the spleen. Eur Radiol 2001; 11: 80–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300000528.
13. Hansen MB, Moller AC. SPlenic Cysts. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2004; 14: 316-322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sle.0000148463.24028.0c.
14. Kimber C, Pierro A, Drake D et al. Hemisplenectomy forgiant splenic cysts in children. Pediatr Surg Int 1998; 14: 116–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003830050455.
15. Gezer HO, Oguzkurt P, Temiz A, Ince E, Ezer SS, Kocer NE, Demir S, Hicsonmez A. Spleen Slavaging Treatment Approaches in Non-parasitic Splenic Cysts in Childhood. Indian J Surg 2016; 78(4): 293-298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12262-015-1373-x.
16. Kenney CD, Hoeger YE, Yetasook AK, et al. Management ofnon-parasitic splenic cysts: does size really matter? JGastrointest Surg 2014; 18: 1658e1663. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-014-2545-x.
17. Fisher JC, Gurung B, Cowles RA. Recurrence after laparoscopicexcision of nonparasitic splenic cysts. J Pediatr Surg. 2008; 43: 1644e1648. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.12.052.
18. Karfis EA, Roustanis E, Tsimoyiannis EC. Surgical management of nonparasitic splenic cysts. JSLS 2009; 13(2): 207-212. PMID: 19660217; PMCID: PMC3015942.
19. Hansen MB, Moller AC. Splenic cysts. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2004; 14: 316–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sle.0000148463.24028.0c.
20. Smith ST, Scott DJ, Burdick JS, et al. Laparoscopic marsupialization and hemisplenectomy for splenic cysts. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2001; 11: 243–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/109264201750539781.
21. Marjanovic Z, Djordjevic I. Epidermoid splenic cysts in children and adolescents. Acta Chir Iugosl 2008; 55: 63–67.
22. Tsakayannis DE, Mitchell k, Kozakewich H.P.W, Shamberger RC. Splenic Preservation in the Management of Splenic Epidermoid Cysts in Children. J Pediatr Surg.1995(10): 1468-1470. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3468(95)90409-3.
23. Pang WB, Zhang TC, Chen YJ, Zhang JZ. Space-occupying benign lesions in spleen: experiences in a single institute. Pediatr Surg Int. 2009 ;25(1): 31-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-008-2258-x.
24. Calisti A, Perrotta ML, Molle P, Marrocco G, Miele V. Epithelial splenic cysts in children: surgical treatment by cyst-wall "peeling". Pediatr Surg Int. 2003; 19(4): 300-302. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-002-0879-z.
25. Zvizic Z, Karavdic K. Spleen-Preserving Surgery in Treatment of Large Mesothelial Splenic Cyst in Children - A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2013; 13 (2): 126-128. doi: https://doi.org/10.17305%2Fbjbms.2013.2395.
26. Hassoun J, Ortega G, Burkhalter LS, Josephs S, Qureshi FG. Management of nonparasitic splenic cysts in children. J Surg Res. 2018; 223: 142-148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.036.
27. Sinha CK, Agrawal M. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children:current status. Surgeon. 2011; 9: 49e53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2010.08.005.
28. Czauderna P, Vajda P, Schaarschmidt K, Kalman A, Jainsch M, Engelis A, Lewicki K, Verebely T, Koltai J, Petersons A, Pintér AB. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children: a multicentric study. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2006; 16(6): 415-419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924748.

1. Wootton-Gorges S, Thomas K, Harned R, Wu S, Stein-Wexler S et Strain J. Giant cystic abdominal masses in chilndren. Pediatric Radiol 2005; 35: 1277-1288. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-005-1559-7.
2. Urrutia M, Mergo PJ, Ros LH, Torres GM, Ros PR. Cysticmasses of the spleen: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radio-Graphics 1996; 16: 107-129. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.16.1.107
3. Celebi F, Balik AA, Salman AB, Oren D. Hydatid disease in childhood. Pediatr Surg Int 2002; 18(5-6): 417-419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-002-0847-7.
4. Valente AP, Barrabin H, Jorge RV, Paes MC, Scofano HM.Isolation and characterization of the Mg2(+)-ATPase from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranepreparations. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990; 1039: 297-304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838(90)90262-e.
5. Robbins FG, Yellin AE, Lingua RW, Craig JR, Turrill FL,Mikkelsen WP. Splenic epidermoid cysts. Ann Surg 1978; 187: 231-235. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-197803000-00002.
6. Kundal VK, Gajdhar M, Kundal R, Sharma C, Agrawal D,Meena A. Giant Epithelial Non-Parasitic Splenic Cyst. J Case Rep 2013; 3: 106-109. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17659/01.2013.0026.
7. Kaiwa Y, Kurokawa Y, Namiki K, et al. Laparoscopic partial splenectomies for true splenic cysts. A report of two cases. Surg Endosc 2000; 14: 865. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004640040011.
8. Jacobsen JD, Mathiesen MM, Mathiesen VM. Benign non-parasitic splenic cysts. Ugeskr Laeger. 1987; 149: 1379–1381.
9. Trondsen E, Naess PA, Erichsen A, et al. Laparoscopic treatment of splenic cysts. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002; 122: 906–907. PMID: 12082833
10. Morgenstern L. Nonparasitic splenic cysts:pathogenesis, classification and treatment. J am Coll Surg 2002; 19: 306–314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1072-7515(01)01178-4.
11. Burrig kF. Epithelial splenic cysts. Pathogenesis of themesothelial and so- called epidermoid cyst of the spleen. am J Surg Pathol 1988; 12: 275–281. PMID: 3354753
12. Robertson F, Leander P, Ekberg O. Radiology of the spleen. Eur Radiol 2001; 11: 80–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300000528.
13. Hansen MB, Moller AC. SPlenic Cysts. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2004; 14: 316-322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sle.0000148463.24028.0c.
14. Kimber C, Pierro A, Drake D et al. Hemisplenectomy forgiant splenic cysts in children. Pediatr Surg Int 1998; 14: 116–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003830050455.
15. Gezer HO, Oguzkurt P, Temiz A, Ince E, Ezer SS, Kocer NE, Demir S, Hicsonmez A. Spleen Slavaging Treatment Approaches in Non-parasitic Splenic Cysts in Childhood. Indian J Surg 2016; 78(4): 293-298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12262-015-1373-x.
16. Kenney CD, Hoeger YE, Yetasook AK, et al. Management ofnon-parasitic splenic cysts: does size really matter? JGastrointest Surg 2014; 18: 1658e1663. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-014-2545-x.
17. Fisher JC, Gurung B, Cowles RA. Recurrence after laparoscopicexcision of nonparasitic splenic cysts. J Pediatr Surg. 2008; 43: 1644e1648. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.12.052.
18. Karfis EA, Roustanis E, Tsimoyiannis EC. Surgical management of nonparasitic splenic cysts. JSLS 2009; 13(2): 207-212. PMID: 19660217; PMCID: PMC3015942.
19. Hansen MB, Moller AC. Splenic cysts. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2004; 14: 316–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sle.0000148463.24028.0c.
20. Smith ST, Scott DJ, Burdick JS, et al. Laparoscopic marsupialization and hemisplenectomy for splenic cysts. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2001; 11: 243–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/109264201750539781.
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24. Calisti A, Perrotta ML, Molle P, Marrocco G, Miele V. Epithelial splenic cysts in children: surgical treatment by cyst-wall "peeling". Pediatr Surg Int. 2003; 19(4): 300-302. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-002-0879-z.
25. Zvizic Z, Karavdic K. Spleen-Preserving Surgery in Treatment of Large Mesothelial Splenic Cyst in Children - A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2013; 13 (2): 126-128. doi: https://doi.org/10.17305%2Fbjbms.2013.2395.
26. Hassoun J, Ortega G, Burkhalter LS, Josephs S, Qureshi FG. Management of nonparasitic splenic cysts in children. J Surg Res. 2018; 223: 142-148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.036.
27. Sinha CK, Agrawal M. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children:current status. Surgeon. 2011; 9: 49e53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2010.08.005.
28. Czauderna P, Vajda P, Schaarschmidt K, Kalman A, Jainsch M, Engelis A, Lewicki K, Verebely T, Koltai J, Petersons A, Pintér AB. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children: a multicentric study. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2006; 16(6): 415-419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924748.

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21. Marjanovic Z, Djordjevic I. Epidermoid splenic cysts in children and adolescents. Acta Chir Iugosl 2008; 55: 63–67.
22. Tsakayannis DE, Mitchell k, Kozakewich H.P.W, Shamberger RC. Splenic Preservation in the Management of Splenic Epidermoid Cysts in Children. J Pediatr Surg.1995(10): 1468-1470. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3468(95)90409-3.
23. Pang WB, Zhang TC, Chen YJ, Zhang JZ. Space-occupying benign lesions in spleen: experiences in a single institute. Pediatr Surg Int. 2009 ;25(1): 31-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-008-2258-x.
24. Calisti A, Perrotta ML, Molle P, Marrocco G, Miele V. Epithelial splenic cysts in children: surgical treatment by cyst-wall "peeling". Pediatr Surg Int. 2003; 19(4): 300-302. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-002-0879-z.
25. Zvizic Z, Karavdic K. Spleen-Preserving Surgery in Treatment of Large Mesothelial Splenic Cyst in Children - A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2013; 13 (2): 126-128. doi: https://doi.org/10.17305%2Fbjbms.2013.2395.
26. Hassoun J, Ortega G, Burkhalter LS, Josephs S, Qureshi FG. Management of nonparasitic splenic cysts in children. J Surg Res. 2018; 223: 142-148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.036.
27. Sinha CK, Agrawal M. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children:current status. Surgeon. 2011; 9: 49e53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2010.08.005.
28. Czauderna P, Vajda P, Schaarschmidt K, Kalman A, Jainsch M, Engelis A, Lewicki K, Verebely T, Koltai J, Petersons A, Pintér AB. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children: a multicentric study. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2006; 16(6): 415-419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924748.

Giant Epithelial Cysts of the Spleen in Children: Report of two cases and mini literature review

Ciste slezine kod dece

Abstract

Author Biographies

References