Nutritivni aspekti poremećaja kognitivnih funkcija
Sažetak
Novi naučni dokazi u ovoj oblasti ukazuju na nedostatke određenih hranljivih materija u opadanju kognitivnih funkcija, istovremeno pokazujući da bolji nutritivni status može biti važan u očuvanju kognicije kod starijih osoba. Ključni nutrijenti za zaštitu kognitivnih funkcija su vitamini B grupe, polifenoli, vitamin D i omega-3 polinezasićene masne kiseline (PMK). Sveukupnost naučnih dokaza u ovom trenutku najjače podržava uloge folata i metabolički povezanih vitamina B6 i B12 u zaštiti kognitivnih funkcija u starijoj životnoj dobi. Visoke koncentracije polifenola u terapiji demencije pokazale su značajno povećanje volumena cerebralne krvi. Iako su niže koncentracije vitamina D u serumu bile povezane sa većim rizikom za razvoj demencije, suplementacija vitaminom D nije bila dovoljna za poboljšanje kognitivnih ishoda. U vezi sa ulogom omega-3 PMK, rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na zaštitne efekte kod osoba sa kognitivnim smetnjama. Dijetarni režim i zdrav stil života igraju značajnu ulogu u prevenciji kognitivnih poremećaja. Mediteranska ishrana je najčešće ispitivani dijetarni obrazac u observacionim studijama. Pokazano je da je koncept MIND dijete (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) u vezi sa neuroprotektivnim efektima i prevencijom demencije. Redovna fizička aktivnost predstavlja značajnu komponentu zdravog životnog stila u održanju vitalnosti moždanih funkcija.
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