MEDIA FRAMING OF THE PROTESTS AT THE FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY IN ZAGREB
Abstract
Having in mind the presence of ideological media influence in the areas in which audiences do not have alternative ideological sources or personal experiences and taking into account the fact that evaluation and selection of news are led by certain ideological systems, this paper explores the main elements of journalistic ideology present in the media reporting about the protests at the Philosophy College in Zagreb. Media content analysis is applied on the sample of three online news portals Indeks.hr, Tportal.hr and Net.hr, in the period of two months. The analysis included 111 media texts. Based on the protest paradigm studies and framing theory, the main purpose of the research was to explore the presence of influence factors (concealed ones or direct) which caused to story be told in a certain way. Research showed the prevalence of moral, responsibility and conflict media frames. Through these frames the media put the main focus not on the solutions of the conflict, but on conflict and transfer of responsibility on different event actors which were directly or indirectly involved in the conflict, and on the ones who were not involved at all. Journalistic ideology had less influence on media content because of the absence of focus on elite sources of information and actors, although the unusual elements of the event were emphasized. The selection of the sources of information showed that in crisis situations like this one the protesters (formal and informal institutions linked with College riots) were not marginalized but obtained the majority of media space.
References
Akhavan-Majid, R. & Ramaprasad, J. (1998). Framing and Ideology: A Comparative Analysis of US and Chinese Newspaper Coverage of the Fourth United Nations Conference on Women and the NGO Forum. Mass Communication and Society, 1(3–4): 131–152.
Benković, V. & Balabanić, I. (2010). Analiza sadržaja najposjećenijih hrvatskih internetskih portala. Medijska istraživanja, 16(2): 43–56.
Bratonja Martinović, Lj. (2.4.2016.). Smijenjena prodekanica Filozofskog koja se protivila suradnji s Katoličko-bogoslovnim fakultetom, [Novilist.hr], Dostupno na: http://www.novilist.hr/Vijesti/Hrvatska/Smijenjena-prodekanica-Filozofskog-koja-se-protivila-suradnji-s-Katolicko-bogoslovnim-fakultetom (23.1.2018.)
Bunjac, N. (15.9.2016). Vrijeme dekana Previšića i Boga kao gospodara svih znanosti je okončano, [Index.hr], Dostupno na: http://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/vrijeme-dekana-previsica-i-boga-kao-gospodara-svih-znanosti-je-okoncano/919570.aspx (23.1.2018.)
Burch, M. L., Frederick, E. L. & Pegoraro, A. (2015). Kissing in the Carnage: An Examination of Framing on Twitter During the Vancouver Riots. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, (59)3: 399–415.
Car, V. (2015). Mi i oni kroz medijske naočale. Zagreb-Beograd- Sarajevo: ACT Printlab.
Cozma, R. & Kozman, C. (2015). The Syrian Crisis in the News. Jornalism Practice, (9)5: 669–686.
Dağtaş, E. & Tuna Çoban, E. (2011). An Assessment of Syndicalist Movements in Turkey and the Presentation in the Press: The sample case of the Strike Decision of Hava-iş Union. Informatologija, 44(4): 333–340.
Đukić, M. (2012). Kritička analiza novomedijskog diskursa o izvještavanju s polufinalne utakmice Hrvatske Srbije na Europskom rukometnom prvenstvu 2012. Prisutnost ideološkog diskursa u online medijima i njegova manifestacija u društvenim mrežama. In M. Plenković (ed.), Društvo i tehnologija 2012 - Dr. Juraj Plenković (pp. 158–174). Lovran: Hrvatsko komunikološko društvo.
Edelman, M. J. (1993). Contestable categories and public opinion. Political Communication, 10(3): 231–242.
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Towards clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4): 51–58.
Fitzgerald, P. (2017.) Sourcing Patterns Within British And American Newspaper Coverage of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution: The Rise of Non-Elite Primary Definers. Journal of Media Critiques, 3(10): 173–192.
Gitlin, T. (1980). The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Grbeša, M. (2011). Europska unija u hrvatskom tisku od 2007. do 2011. In I. Šiber (ed.), Hrvatska i Europa - strahovi i nade (pp. 120–137). Zagreb: Biblioteka Politička misao.
Grimm. J. (2015). Hegemonic Framing of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr., in Northeastern Newspapers, Howard Journal of Communications, 26: 313–332.
Gunter, B. (2000). Media Research Methods. London:Sage Publications.
Ha, J. S. (2015). Arab Spring is Wake-Up Call for Kim Jong-Il. Journalism Practice, (2)5: 741–759.
Hrnjić Kuduzović, Z. (2017). Uloga elitnih izvora u izvještavanju o migrantskoj krizi u dnevnim novinama Oslobođenje, Jutarnji list i Politika. In V. Car, & M. Matović (eds.), Mediji, novinarstvo i ljudska prava (pp. 57–74). Zagreb: Fakultet političkih znanosti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung.
Ivas, I. (1988). Ideologija u govoru. Zagreb: Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo.
Jarić Dauenhauer, N. (17.3.2016). “Spajanje” FFZG-a i KBF-a: Što se to zapravo događa?, [Tportal.hr], Dostupno na: https://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/spajanje-ffzg-a-i-kbf-a-sto-se-to-zapravo-dogada-20160316 (23.1.2018.)
Jusić, T. (2008). Medijski diskurs i politika etničkog sukoba: Jugoslavenski slučaj. In G. Đerić (ed.), Intima javnosti (pp. 40–63). Beograd: Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju.
Klein, A. G. (2015). Vigilante Media: Unveiling Anonymous and the Hacktivist Persona in the Global Press. Communication Monographs, (82)3: 379–-401.
Klik.hr (2017). NOVO: Popis najboljih web portala u Hrvatskoj, 1Klik.hr, Dostupno na: https://1klik.hr/ (10.10.2017.)
Kunczik, M. & Zipfel, A. (1998). Uvod u publicističku znanost i komunikologiju. Zagreb: Zaklada Friedrich Ebert.
Kurtić, N. (2007). Konceptualizacija istraživanja. In S. Malović (ed.), Vjerodostojnost novina (pp. 39–67). Zagreb: Sveučilišna knjižara.
Kurtić, N. (2011). Komunikološki ogledi. Tuzla: Bosanska riječ.
Kurtić, N. (2016). Odnosi s javnostima. Sarajevo: University press.
Kurtić, N. (2017). Kvantitativna i kvalitativna analiza sadržaja. Sarajevo: University press.
Majstorović, D. (2010). Etički prijepori i vjerodostojnost dnevnih novina. Medijske studije, 1: 55–64.
Malović, S. (2004). Medijski prijepori. Zagreb: Međunarodni centar za obrazovanje novinara.
Malović, S. (2007). Vjerujemo li novinama?. In S. Malović (ed.), Vjerodostojnost novina. Zagreb: Sveučilišna knjižara.
Obradović, Đ. (2007). Medijski prikaz zbilje, Medianali, 1(2): 87–101
Semetko, H. A. & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2): 93–109.
Shoemaker, P. & Reese, S. (1996). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on media content. New York: Longman
Terzić, N. (2016). Sindrom postnovinarstva: atraktivna multimedija i nediferenciran sadržaj. In Z. Kuduzović Hrnjić (ed.), Informisanje internetske generacije (pp. 139–153). Tešanj: Planjax Komerc.
Tewksbury, D. & Scheufele, D. A. (2009). News framing theory and research. In J. Bryant & M. B. Oliver (eds.), Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (pp. 17-33). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Yan, Y. & Kim, Y. (2015). Framing the crisis by one’s seat: a comparative study of newspaper frames of the Asiana crash in the USA, Korea, and China, Asian Journal of Communication, 25(5): 486–506.
Van Dijk, A. T. (1988). News as Discourse. New Jersey: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates Publication
Van Dijk, A. T. (2006). Ideologija: Multidisciplinaran pristup. Zagreb: Golden marketing-Tehnička knjiga.
Vilović, G. (2004). Etički prijepori u Globusu i Nacionalu 1999.-2000. Zagreb: Fakultet političkih znanosti.
Vilović, G. (2014). Etičnost masovnog komuniciranja. In S. Malović (ed.), Masovno komuniciranje (pp. 228–272). Zagreb: Golden marketing Tehnička knjiga.
Zhang, J. & Cameron, G. (2003). Study Finds Sourcing Patterns in Wen Ho Lee Coverage. Newspaper Research Journal, 24(4): 88–101.
Žlof, K. (2007). Važnost izvora za vjerodostojnost medija. In S. Malović (ed.), Vjerodostojnost novina (pp. 77–91). Zagreb: ICEJ, Sveučilišna knjižara/
Wimmer, R. & Dominick, J. R. (1994). Mass Media Research: An Introduction. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Copyright
Authors retain copyright of the published papers and grant to the publisher the non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be cited as its original publisher in case of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media.
Licensing
The published articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-SA). It is allowed to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and remix, transform, and build upon it for any purpose, even commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original author(s), a link to the license is provided, it is indicated if changes were made and the new work is distributed under the same license as the original.
Users are required to provide full bibliographic description of the original publication (authors, article title, journal title, volume, issue, pages), as well as its DOI code. In electronic publishing, users are also required to link the content with both the original article published in CM: Communication and Media and the licence used.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Self-archiving policy
Authors are permitted to deposit author’s publisher's version (PDF) of their work in an institutional repository, subject-based repository, author's personal website (including social networking sites, such as ResearchGate, Academia.edu, etc.), at any time after publication.
Full bibliographic information (authors, article title, journal title, volume, issue, pages) about the original publication must be provided and links must be made to the article's DOI and the license.
Disclaimer
The views expressed in the published works do not express the views of the Editors and the Editorial Staff. The authors take legal and moral responsibility for the ideas expressed in the articles. Publisher shall have no liability in the event of issuance of any claims for damages. The Publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.