Karl Jaspers: portret filozofa–psihijatra
Sažetak
Karl Jaspers je bio filozof i psihijatar koji je tokom života doneo brojne doprinose u obe discipline. Najznačajniji doprinos u okviru psihijatrije se tiče uvođenja fenomenološkog metoda i stvaranja fenomenološke psihopatologije koja je osnov procene psihopatoloških zbivanja. Takođe uvođenjem distinkcije između objašnjavanja i razumevanja, konceptualno je obogatio psihopatologiju. Na taj način je, u okviru psihopatologije, pospešio pokušaje celovitog sagledavanja pacijenta kao osobe. Kao filozof, neokantovac, iako sadržajno disperzan, u okviru njegove filozofije egzistencije, omogućio je brojne nove uvide, naročito apostrofirajući značaj takozvanih graničnih situacija. Granične situacije podrazumevaju iskustva kao što su: smrt, patnja i borba, nasumičnost i krivica. One dotiču granicu iskustva i upućuju na ono što je transcendentalno, dok istovremeno i otvaraju mogućnosti za realizaciju sopstvene autentičnosti. U radu je napravljen osvrt na Jaspersove najznačajnije doprinose i opisan je profesionalni razvojni put Jaspersa, kao i pojedini elementi njegove ličnosti i odrastanja.
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