AFEKTIVNI TEMPERAMENT – ZNAČAJ U MENTALNOM ZDRAVLJU I POREMEĆAJIMA RASPOLOŽENJA

Marta Gostiljac; Emilija Erić; Sara Dodić; Nikola Lalović; Bojana Dunjić-Kostić; Ida Prica; Maja Ivković; Maja Pantović Stefanović

doi:10.5937/engrami44-40513

Marta Gostiljac Klinika za psihijatriju, Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije, Beograd , Srbija
Emilija Erić Klinika za psihijatriju, Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije, Beograd , Srbija
Sara Dodić Klinika za psihijatriju, Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije, Beograd, Srbija
Nikola Lalović Klinika za psihijatriju, Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije, Beograd , Srbija;
Bojana Dunjić-Kostić Klinika za psihijatriju, Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije, Beograd , Srbija; Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija
Ida Prica Klinika za psihijatriju, Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije, Beograd , Srbija
Maja Ivković Klinika za psihijatriju, Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije, Beograd , Srbija; Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija
Maja Pantović Stefanović Klinika za psihijatriju, Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije, Beograd , Srbija; Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/engrami44-40513

Ključne reči: temperament, afektivni poremećaji, kontinuum, bipolarni poremećaj

Sažetak

Temperament podrazumeva genetsko-biološke komponente ponašanja u koje spadaju raspoloženje, način emocionalnog reagovanja u smislu brzine, intenziteta, trajanja i vrste reakcije, odnos prema okolini, i osetljivost na spoljašnje stimulus.

Pokušaji klasifikacije temperamenata datiraju još iz vremena Stare Grčki, a savremeni koncept temperamenta zasniva se na radu Krepelina i Krečmera. Hagop Akiskal je nastavio razvoj savremenog koncepta temperamenta i podelio vrste afektivnog temperamenta na: depresivni, hipertimni, ciklotimni, iritabilni i anksiozni temperament. U zdravoj populaciji temperament predstavlјa vrlo važnu, biološku, osnovu ličnosti. Međutim, danas se smatra da se dominantni afektivni temperamenti potencijalno nalaze na kontinuumu između zdrave emocionalne reaktivnosti i afektivnih poremećaja. Takodje, dominantni afektivni temperamenti u naglašenoj formi mogu predstavljati subkliničke manifestavije afektivnih poremećaja, te i prekursore za nastanak ovih poremećaja. Zasnovani na snažnim genetičkim i neurohemijskim osnovama, afektivni temperamenti su se razvili i zadržali tokom tokom evolucije jer nose izrazite evolutivne i socijalne prednosti. Tako, pored patološke, temperamentalne karakteristike mogu imati i adaptivnu vrednost.

Dodatna istraživanja na temu sagledavanja afektivnih poremećaja kao kontinuuma nasuprot njihovoj kategorijalnoj klasifikaciji, uz uvažavanje prelaznih oblika koji zauzimaju od zdravlja ka bolesti bi doprinela ne samo boljem razumevanju emocionalnog života čoveka nego i pravovremenom, ciljanom i kvalitetnijem tretmanu različitih psihopatoloških oblika.

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